【正文】 等待 /觀察 Seven Kinds of MUDA ? REJETCTS/REWORKS ?不合格品 /返工 Seven Kinds of MUDA ? TRANSPORTATION ?運(yùn)輸 Seven Kinds of MUDA ? MOTION ?動(dòng)作 Seven Kinds of MUDA ? PROCESSING ?加工過(guò)程 MUDA of Inventory ? This refers to all of the inventory(materials, WorkInProcess and finished goods) that derives from the process of production and Transportation. ? 這提到的全部庫(kù)存（原料，在制品和完成品）來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)工序工序和運(yùn)輸工序。 續(xù)下 Water level 水平面 = Inventory 庫(kù)存 Rock = Problem 巖石 =問(wèn)題 ?Inventory results in hiding problems. ?庫(kù)存的結(jié)果是隱藏了問(wèn)題 MUDA of Inventory MUDA of Inventory Can’t see rock = Problem 不可見(jiàn)巖石 =問(wèn)題 Cant see rock = Problem 可見(jiàn)巖石 =問(wèn)題 Production Fluctuation 生產(chǎn)波動(dòng) 7 MUDAs 7種浪費(fèi) Set up time 時(shí)間 Equipment Breakdown 設(shè)備故障 MUDA of Overproduction ? This refers to produce anything ? 這指下述任一情況 1) earlier than needed time and / or 1) 早于需求時(shí)間和 /或 2) In greater volumes than needed （ as indicated by Kanban or other indicators) results in excess inventory 2) 數(shù)量超出需求（通過(guò)看板或其他指示器來(lái)顯示）造成超量庫(kù)存 Because EOQ, the overproduction qty wait for selling in the future. 因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)批量，生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩的數(shù)量等待在將來(lái)出售 Can it be sold in the future 可在將來(lái)出售 This is the needed right qty. 這是需要的正確數(shù)量 續(xù)下 MUDA of Overproduction therefore, the NPS production concept is JustInTime. JIT refers to only at the right time to produce right quality for the right type 因此， NPS生產(chǎn)觀念是即時(shí)生產(chǎn)。 續(xù)下 Traditional wrong concept: Machine waiting is no good 傳統(tǒng)的錯(cuò)誤觀念：機(jī)器等待是不好的 NPS new concept:Another kind of waiting MUDA NPS新觀念：等待是另一種浪費(fèi) Operator monitor machine running 操作者監(jiān)控機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) Muda of watching 浪費(fèi)的觀察 MUDA of Waiting/Mornitoring MUDA of Rejects/Reworks ? This refers to the MUDA of producing defective items which must be repaired or disposed. This MUDA cause loss of man, machine and materials. ? 這指的是產(chǎn)品有缺陷必須進(jìn)行修理或丟棄所產(chǎn)生的浪費(fèi)。 續(xù)下 MUDA of Transportation ? Transportation itself is basically MUDA since it doesn’t add any value to the product:the more Transportation per unit,the more the final product cost. This term refers to any Transportation above the minimum necessary to keep “justintime”production smoothly such as temporary unloading, load transfer, removal of small quantities, and movement from one spot to another. ? 運(yùn)輸本身是一種浪費(fèi)，它不能給產(chǎn)品增加任何價(jià)值：每個(gè)個(gè)體的運(yùn)輸越多，最終產(chǎn)品成本越大。 續(xù)下 ? To use conveyor to eliminate manpower for Transportation is not a Kaizen ,because Transportation is still exist. It cause another kind of MUDA”MUDA of Capital” ? 利用機(jī)械來(lái)減少運(yùn)輸?shù)娜肆Y源不是一種改善，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸還是存在。它僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)值增加解決產(chǎn)品需求，它基于銷售和市場(chǎng)需求時(shí) . 續(xù)下 Man Efficiency ? True Efficiency: ? 精確效率 ? True Efficiency means producing the necessary number of parts or product that can be sold while utilizing the minimum operators and equipment as possible. It is contrasted with producing as much as possible with available operators and equipment. ? 精確效率意指利用最少的工人和設(shè)備來(lái)生產(chǎn)必要的、能夠被售出的零件或產(chǎn)品數(shù)量成為可能。 ? In essence, it is a cost reduction concept ? 在本質(zhì)上，它是一個(gè)成本降低觀念。 But, I want 1,000 pcs /day only. Don’t need the extra 250 pcs. 但是，我每天只需要 1000只。 續(xù)下 Man Efficiency True Efficiency: 精確效率 1,000 pcs/day/8 operators 125 pcs / day / operator (+25%) 1000個(gè) /天 / 8 操作工 125只 /天 /操作工 Reason: 原因： No overproduction, eventually labor productivity is up 25% 沒(méi)有超產(chǎn)，最終的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高 25％ We’re improve to 1,000 pcs / day/ 8 op. 我們改進(jìn)為 8個(gè)人每天產(chǎn)出 1000只。 Equipment Efficiency ? Rate of operation defines the actual production levels being achieved by equipment. It is the percentage of total actual production capacity during regular work hours as determined by market demand. ? 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)比率定義了設(shè)備達(dá)到的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)水平。 ? Rate of Operation ? 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)比率 Equipment Efficiency ? The time that an equipment operates maintenance free as a percentage of time during which it is switched on . This is equivalent to reliability of equipment and its maintenance. ? 一臺(tái)設(shè)備在開(kāi)動(dòng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，其運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、維護(hù)、空閑時(shí)間所占比值。 ? the ideal condition is to achieve 100 percent Rate of availability during the time equipment is switched on to fulfill a production order. ? 理想的情況是在設(shè)備完成產(chǎn)品定單的開(kāi)動(dòng)期間，達(dá)到百分之百的可用率 Rate of Availability 可用比率 續(xù)下 Equipment Efficiency Equipment theoretical cycle time =30 second / pcs 設(shè)備理論周期 =30 秒 /只 max. capacity for 8 hours shift / day 每天 8小時(shí)班最大生產(chǎn)量 8 hrs X 3600 sec / hr（ 8小時(shí) X3600秒 /小時(shí)） 30 sec/ pcs（ 30秒 /只） = 960 pcs / shift,（ 960只 /班） market demand = 800 pcs / day 市場(chǎng)需求 =800只 /天 rate of operation market demand（市場(chǎng)需求） （運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)率） max. capacity / day（每天最大生產(chǎn)量） 800 960 = % X100% = X100% = = 續(xù)下 Equipment Efficiency 續(xù)下 Eq