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ibs.案例167。 duration. He was otherwise healthy and did not smoke cigarettes. The cough had begun with a cold but persisted after other cold symptoms had resolved. On questioning, he acknowledged a sensation of postnasal drip. A chest xray showed no abnormality. A course of brompheniramine maleate, 6 mg twice a day, and sustainedrelease pseudoephedrine sulfate, 120 mg twice a day, was initiated.167。 A fiveday course of oxymetazoline nasal spray and doxycycline, 100 mg a day, were added to his medical regimen. Within two weeks, he reported marked improvement. By three weeks, the cough was gone entirely. After four weeks, all medications were discontinued.慢性咳嗽的病因分析慢性咳嗽不同疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)Common causes Postnasal drip Asthma Gastroesophageal reflux Transient airway hyperresponsiveness (., after viral upper respiratory infection) Medicationrelated (ACE inhibitors, beta blockers) Chronic bronchitis Smoking and other environmental irritants Rare Causes of Chronic Cough Tracheobronchial collapse Lung cancer Tuberculosis Other lung infection Occupational environmentinduced cough Bronchiectasis Sarcoidosis Rare Causes of Chronic CoughLeft ventricular failure Interstitial lung disease Metastatic breast carcinomatosis Hyperthyroidism Carcinoid tumor Retained suture Hodgkin39。s diverticulumEtiology: 0 to 18 months支氣管異物支氣管異物Etiology: 18 months to 6 years to 6 Years Etiology: Adolescents6 to 16 Years Etiology: Adults 后鼻滴流癥 就是鼻腔有較多分泌物 , 咽后感有分泌物往下并常有清喉。鼻后滴流是最常見的慢性咳嗽原因。 X線或鼻竇 CT可見鼻竇炎。 治療 可用抗組胺藥和縮血管藥,也可加鼻腔激素噴劑。 治療開始五天可用血管收縮劑,不要超過 5天。 治療鼻后滴流引起的慢性咳嗽需數(shù)周到幾個月時間。 如伴有鼻竇炎則需用抗生素治療。 過敏性鼻炎引起慢性咳嗽主要通過后鼻滴流 167。167。167。 鼻竇炎的診斷敏感性不高,懷疑有慢性鼻竇炎時應做 CT掃描來確診。 又稱咳嗽型哮喘,是一種潛在或非典型性哮喘。 慢咳常為其唯一表現(xiàn),所以很容易被誤診、誤治。 患者可見于任何年齡,成年發(fā)病者較多。 咳嗽持續(xù)發(fā)作或反復發(fā)作,時間長達一個月或更長,以干咳為主,多在清晨或夜間發(fā)生 。 冷空氣、冷風、運動或病毒感染等因素誘發(fā)或加重167。167。 肺功能檢查表現(xiàn)為可逆性氣流變化 咳嗽變異型哮喘167。 對于聯(lián)合使用抗組胺藥及血管收縮劑而無后鼻滴流及支氣管哮喘典型癥狀,組胺激發(fā)試驗陽性患者用喘樂寧氣霧劑治療。 如果仍有咳嗽,加用強的松 10mg3次 /日,連續(xù) 710天,如果有效改用糖皮質(zhì)激素,然后減量或吸入激素,或加長效支氣管擴張劑 167。167。支氣管舒張試驗 胃食道返流 167。167。 按胃食道返流治療咳嗽可治愈。 有 40%GERD 患者無上述典型癥狀,僅訴有咳嗽。 24小時食道 PH值監(jiān)測 167。167。167。治療 GERD 167。 睡前 23小時避免吃或喝,不吃肥膩食物,巧克力、飲湯、橙汁及含咖啡因的飲料167。藥物性咳嗽:167。167。 繼續(xù)服用或更換另一種 ACEI藥還會引起咳嗽。 好發(fā)于女性,常在服藥后 1周 內(nèi)或有些甚至長達 6個月 后出現(xiàn)咳嗽。 停藥后 4天可自行消失,部分患者需停藥 4周。 上呼吸道病毒感染后可引起持續(xù) 6至 8周咳嗽167。167。 Upper Respiratory Infection Airway Hyperresponsiveness ? Most patients will have total resolution of all symptoms within three weeks.? However, a subgroup of patien