【正文】 s resulted in the practice of featuring one W which is much more important than the others. The following examples show how one element can be featured. 13 ? 1. The Summary Lead ? The who: A private watchman shot a suspected burglar Tuesday when he and two panions resisted arrest ? The what: New safety regulations concerning air bag in automobiles were announced during a press conference in Washington . this morning. 14 ? 1. The Summary Lead ? The when: At 7:42 today, a full lunar eclipse will be visible in most part of China, the Central Astronomical Station announced . ? The where: In her 400yearold ancestral home, the only daughter of an English general recently became the wife of a gypsy, who worked as a handyman on the estate. 15 ? 1. The Summary Lead ? The why: Trying to pass another car while traveling at high speed brought serious injury to two men Friday night when their automobile overturned on Washington Boulevard at Potter Avenue ? The how: Tying a large balloon to his body, a boy of ten jumped down from the window of his house on the eighth floor, fortunately to be caught on a big tree. 16 ? 2. The Delayed Lead (延緩性導語 ) ? The Delayed Lead is different from the summary lead. The summary lead summarizes the whole story while the delayed lead tends to rely heavily on suspended interest, although it may answer one or more of the Ws. It may have more attraction for the reader because of its novelty, liveliness, and literary tinge. The following leads of this kind are monly used in modern newspapers. 17 ? 2. The Delayed Lead (延緩性導語 ) ? 描述式導語指報道的第一段描寫與新聞事件有關的某 個細節(jié)，制造氣氛，烘托主題，確定基調(diào)，讓讀者身 臨其境般地閱讀理解新聞報道。其特點就是在第一段寫出導語的六個要 素，即： 5個 W和 1個 H。新聞報道的導語一般具 有六個要素，俗稱 5個 W和 1個 H： Who， What, Where, When, Why 和 How。The Newspaper Lead 1 ? I. Introduction ? The lead is a statement of the most significant aspect of an event. That information the climax of the event, the theme statement of a speech, the result of an investigation is presented as simply and clearly as possible in the first paragraph. It sets the tone. It advertises what is ing in the rest of the story. It conveys the most important information of the story. 2 ? I. Introduction ? The leads sits atop a newswriting formula called the inverted pyramid, in which information is arranged in descending order of importance. Those following paragraphs explain and provide evidence to support the lead. Usually, each paragraph contains one idea. 3 ? 新聞導語 新聞導語 (news lead)是新聞報道開頭的第一 段文字，也是新聞報道全文最重要的部分。它以 最簡練的語言把新聞報道中最重要、最精彩的內(nèi) 容完整地呈現(xiàn)出來，使讀者讀完導語之后就能獲 悉新聞報道的主要內(nèi)容。 4 ? II. Different Types of Newspaper Leads ? There are different types of newspaper leads. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two categories: 1. The Summary Lead (綜述性導語 ), which usually gives the story?s main topic and its most important facts and which is usually used in “Hard News” writing. 2. The Delayed Lead (延緩性導語 ) which is monly used in the “Soft News” writing and feature stories. 5 ? 1. The Summary Lead ? The Summary Lead is the most popular lead which generally answers the six questions: who, what, where, when, why, and how. In a Summary Lead, the five Ws and one H give the substance of the first paragraph and also serve as the framework for the body of the story. But not all Summary Leads answer all the six questions. Some will answer only three or four or five of the six questions. 6 ? 概括性導語 概括性導語也稱作直接式導語 (summary lead or direct lead), 是新聞報道寫作中最常用的、最普 遍的一種形式 , 尤其適用于“倒金字塔”結構的硬 消息。當然，在導語中有的記 者回答全部六個問題，有的只回答其中的部分問 題。 從下面的例子可以看 出這兩種導語的區(qū)別： ? 1975年 2月 2日，美國駐聯(lián)合國大使莫伊尼漢辭職。 莫伊尼漢今天辭去了美國 常駐聯(lián)合國代表的職務?？偨y(tǒng) 剛剛在他的座位上坐穩(wěn)，麻煩事就來了。查 理報告說，“帕特 ”福特抬起頭來吃 驚地問：“為什么？” 19 ? 2. The Delayed Lead (延緩性導語 ) ? The Delayed Lead (延緩性導語 ) ? The Descriptive Lead ? The Contrast Lead ? The Quotation Lead ? The Question Lead ? The Personal Lead ? The Suspense Lead 20 ? . The Descriptive Lead (描述式導語 ) ? The Descriptive Lead tries to paint a quick word picture of an interesting person, place, or thing. It also helps create the mood for the story so that it