完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)行為概述-展示頁(yè)
2025-01-26 22:30本頁(yè)面
【正文】 osts 65 21 利潤(rùn)最大化條件 ? Maximum profit will occur when output is at that level where the firm’s marginal revenue is equal to its marginal cost. ? At the maximumpoint: MR = MC 65 22 利潤(rùn)最大化條件的說(shuō)明 產(chǎn)出變化 收益 損失 利潤(rùn)變化 增加 1 單位 邊際收益 邊際成本 MR－ MC 減少 1 單位 邊際成本 邊際收益 MC－ MR 因此，當(dāng) MRMC 時(shí)增加產(chǎn)量， MRMC 時(shí)減少產(chǎn)量都可以增加利潤(rùn)，當(dāng) MR=MC 時(shí)，利潤(rùn)達(dá)到最大化。 65 28 零利潤(rùn)和停產(chǎn)價(jià)格 Quantity Price, AC, MC MC AC AVC M M’ Shutdown point Zeroprofit point d d PS 65 29 停產(chǎn)規(guī)則 ? The shutdown point (停產(chǎn)點(diǎn) ) es where revenues just cover variable costs or where loses are equal to fixed costs. 65 30 ? The higher the firm’s fixed costs, the more it has to lose by shutting down. 固定成本的重要性 ? Which type of industry is more likely to incur such losses? ? (a) An industry with low fixed costs like coffee shops and dry cleaners ? (b) A capitalintensive industry with high fixed costs like automobiles and the airlines 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)的供給行為 65 32 企業(yè)的供給曲線 Quantity Price, AC, MC AC AVC Shutdown point Supply curve 65 33 市場(chǎng)供給曲線 Quantity A Quantity B Total quantity Price Price Price Firm A’s Supply Firm B’s Supply Market Supply S S 65 34 說(shuō)明 ? 如果企業(yè)的供給之間相互關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，不能簡(jiǎn)單地將各個(gè)企業(yè)的供給相加來(lái)得到市場(chǎng)供給。 65 35 不同時(shí)期的價(jià)格變化 Quantity Quantity Price Price ShortRun Equilibrium LongRun Equilibrium 65 36 長(zhǎng)期供給曲線 Industry quantity Price Q=∑q The firms use some scarce factors which prices will be affected. The firms use general inputs without affecting the prices of those general inputs.. 65 37 如果利為正 Competitive Industry Free entry Price and Profits 65 38 如果利潤(rùn)為負(fù) Competitive Industry Free exit Price and Profits 65 39 零利潤(rùn)長(zhǎng)期均衡 Competitive Industry Free to entry Free to exit P=MC=AC Zeroprofit 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的特殊情況 65 41 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的一般原則 D D S S Quantity Price D D S S Quantity Price Demand rule Supply rule 65 42 不變成本 Constantcost supply S S P Q Quantity Price E E’ D D D’ D’ 65 43 固定供給和經(jīng)濟(jì)租金 S S P Q Quantity Price E E’ D D D’ D’ Fixed supply Factors with fixed supply earn rent. 65 44 向后彎曲的供給曲線 S S P Q Quantity Price E E’ T Labor supply 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的效率和平等 65 46 評(píng)價(jià)市場(chǎng)機(jī)
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