生產(chǎn)與運作管理2(1)-展示頁
2025-01-24 23:54本頁面
【正文】 s ?Location is a major cost factor – Affects shipping production costs (., labor) – Costs vary greatly between locations Service Location Decisions ?Revenue focus – Costs vary little between market areas ?Location is a major revenue factor – Affects amount of customer contact – Affects volume of business Location Decision Sequence Country Region/Community Site Factors Affecting Location ? 資源（人力、原材料、能源、資本、土地的價格及其供應狀況） ? 運輸（費用及其設施狀況） ? 市場（需求量、結(jié)構(gòu)、競爭、價格、顧客分布及其需求特點） ? 建筑（費用及其條件）； ? 稅收、保險（種類、政策及其水平）； ? 自然條件（氣候、地理位置、地質(zhì)狀況）； ? 經(jīng)濟條件（基礎(chǔ)設施、生活質(zhì)量）； ? 社會條件（文化習俗、公眾態(tài)度）； ? 政治條件（政府政策及其態(tài)度、政治穩(wěn)定）。Example: Education quality, labor skills – Tangible (quantitative) factors 187。Must be above breakeven Locational BreakEven Analysis Locational BreakEven Analysis Example You’ re an analyst for AC Delco. You’ re considering a new manufacturing plant in Akron, Bowling Green, or Chicago. Fixed costs per year are $30k, $60k, $110k respectively. Variable costs per case are $75, $45, $25 respectively. The price per case is $120. What is the best location for an expected volume of 2,000 cases per year? Locational BreakEven Crossover Chart 0 50000 100000 150000 202300 0 500 1000 1500 2023 2500 3000 Volume Annual Cost Akron lowest cost Bowling Green lowest cost Chicago lowest cost Center of Gravity Method ?Finds location of single distribution center serving several destinations ?Used primarily for services ?Considers – Location of existing destinations 187。Shipping cost/unit/mile is constant Center of Gravity Method Steps ?Place existing locations on a coordinate grid – Grid has arbitrary origin scale – Maintains relative distances ?Calculate x y coordinates for ‘ center of gravity’ – Gives location of distribution center – Minimizes transportation cost ? ??iii dQyxC ),(miniii yyxxd ???? ? ? ? ? 22 iii yyxx ???? ? ? ? ? 22 iii yyxxd ????Minimizes transportation cost ???? ???? ??iiiiiiiiiiQyQyQxQx , ? ? ? ? 22 iii yyxxd ????Center of gravity Example x y (x*, y*) 2023 1000 1000 2023 x*= y*= Transportation Model ?Finds amount to be shipped from several sources to several destinations ?Used primarily for industrial locations ?Type of linear programming model – Objective: Minimize total production shipping costs – Constraints 187。Demand requirement at destination Example： Transportation Model 生產(chǎn) 單位D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 能力 生產(chǎn)費用現(xiàn) S1 18 16 12 28 54 46 270有 S2 24 40 36 30 42 20 265廠 S3 20 12 16 48 44 34 275備 S4 40 40 35 2 31 20 262選 S5 57 70 64 31 3 20 270廠 S6 50 50 46 14 19 20 26030 18 20 15 37生產(chǎn)D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 能力現(xiàn) S1 288 286 282 298 324 46
教學課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1