【正文】 ④ on account of：因 …… 的緣故，由于 ⑤ as a result of：由于 …… 的結(jié)果 注意： because后直接跟句子，引出原因狀語從句，而 because of后也可跟 what從句，這時(shí)what從句相當(dāng)于一名詞短語，作賓語。 例如： He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things. 人們都知道他已經(jīng)發(fā)明了很多東西。 例如： Lu Xun is known as a writer. （ 2） be known for：意思是“因 ......而出名” ,它的后面可以跟表示特長(zhǎng)，成績(jī)等名詞 例如： Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers. （ 3） be known to “為 …… 所了解 /知道”，其后接表示人的詞語。 例如： The lion is the symbol of courage （ 2） sign：指代表固定意義的一種簡(jiǎn)明的符號(hào)或者標(biāo)志 例如： There wasn’t a sign of life in the place （ 3） mark：指在其他事物上留下清晰可見的印痕或者先天固有的標(biāo)志 例如： Who made these dirty marks on my new book [活學(xué)活用 ] 對(duì)比填空 ① Many people like white color as it is a ____________ of purity (純潔 )． ② There is no road ____________ at the crossroads. ③ Black cloud is a ____________ of rain. ④ He made a ____________ where he couldn39。 C ② Taiwan, a beautiful island, ________ in the south of China. Which is WRONG? A. is situated B. lies C. is located D. locates 答案與解析 D be situated＝ be located＝lie，意為“坐落于，位于”， locate, situate用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 A項(xiàng)介詞不對(duì)； B項(xiàng)應(yīng)用 lie(位于 )的現(xiàn)在分詞形式； D項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為standing on。 On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple. 山頂矗立著一座古廟。 ④ stand多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“矗立、聳立”，常用于房屋或建筑物等立體事物位于或坐落于某地。 ③ situate及物動(dòng)詞，意為“ (使建筑物或城鎮(zhèn) )坐落于或建于某處”。 be well/badly/hard situated 處境很好 /困難 /尷尬 辨析 lie， locate， situate與 stand ① lie不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“坐落、平躺”，側(cè)重于物體在平面上的方位。 B situated： …… 的，坐落在 …… 的 例如： Their apartments were situated / located on the second floor. 他們的房間位于第二層。例如： John has just seen it. So have I. He can not answer my questions. Neither/nor can his brother. 6．為了保持句子平衡或上下文的連接更緊密，也可以采用倒裝，例如： They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 7．直接引語后注明為某人所說，且主語為名詞時(shí)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，例如： “ Let’s begin,” said the man/he said. (注意代詞不倒裝 ) （二）部分倒裝 1．狀語被 only強(qiáng)調(diào)在句首，例如： Only then did I know it. Only when the meeting is over can we know the decision. 2．否定副詞： never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little和其它一些結(jié)構(gòu)，如： often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time等放在句首，例如： Never have I been to Beijing. 3．當(dāng)“ so/such… that” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的 so或 such位于句首時(shí)，例如： So beautiful was she that many men would like to dance with her at the party. 4．用于省略 if的虛擬條件狀語從句，例如： Were I you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present. Had you ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time. 5．用于“形容詞 /名詞 /動(dòng)詞 +as (though)”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，例如： Pretty as she is, she is not clever at all. Try as he could, he might fail again. Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets. 6．用于“ no sooner…than…, hardly…when…和 not until等結(jié)構(gòu)中”，例如： No sooner had he arrived than someone called him. 7．用于某些表示祝愿的句子，例如： May you succeed！ May you happy! cover（ v， n） （ 1）覆蓋，遮蓋（某物） 例如： Cover up the mistakes （ 2）占地 例如： The town covers 5 square miles （ 3）包含；涉及 例如： The doctor’s talk covered the plete history of medicine （ 4）走（一段路） 例如： How many miles have you covered （ 5）（指新聞?dòng)浾撸﹫?bào)告；采訪 例如： She will stay here ,covering the whole game discover：指本來存在，而以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物或未為人所知的東西 uncover：表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露，暴露”等，一般用于貶義，其賓語常是： relic遺物，古跡；plot陰謀，圈套，（秘密）計(jì)劃； [活學(xué)活用 ] For a moment nothing happened. Then ________ all shouting together. A. voices had e B. came voices C. voices would e D. did voices e 答案與解析 B 表示時(shí)間的副詞 then位于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞為 e，且主語是名詞 voices，所以句子全部倒裝。 （一）完全倒裝 1．用于“ here, there, now, then + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，或以 out, in, up, down, away等副詞開頭的句子里，以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。離，距 例如： He lifted a cup off the table. ......脫落 /離開 The rain off the roof adv. （ 1）（在時(shí)間上或者空間上）距，離；離開（某地）；出發(fā) 例如： The town is still five miles off （ 2）不工作；不上班；不值班 例如： I think I will take this afternoon off （ 3）減價(jià)；削價(jià)；折扣 例如： All shirts are 20% off （ 4）不發(fā)生，取消 例如： The meeting is off （ 5）（斷）掉；（休）止；不供應(yīng) 例如： Make sure the central heating is off break off：折斷；突然停止；暫停 call off：取消； give off：放出，發(fā)出 go off：離開；變質(zhì)；爆炸 put off：推遲；阻止；勸止 see off：送行 set off：出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，引起，發(fā)射 show off：炫耀；賣弄 take off：脫下；起飛 pay off：付清；還清 in the south of：“在 …… 南部”通常指在某一范圍內(nèi) The Smiths live in the south of Canada to the south of：“在 …… 南邊”強(qiáng)調(diào)越出了某一范圍 The church is to the south of Japan on the south of： “在 …… 南面”強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者毗鄰，接壤 Jiangsu Province lies on the south of Shangdong Province 倒裝句有完全倒裝和部分倒裝。 C look like：看起來像 例如： It looks like rain， let’s go home feel like：想做某事 例如： I don’t feel like going to the movies sound like：聽起來像 例如： That’s sounds like a big improvement range： ；范圍；幅度；射程； vt.(在一定范圍內(nèi) )變化；排列 range from...to...：在 …… 和 …… 之間變化