【正文】 線電；雷達(dá)散射截面；反向散射；性能評估；回歸模型AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid development of internet of things (IOT), radio frequency identification (RFID) as one of the key technologies also achieved a new rapid development. RFID has a prehensive application in many fields, such as industrial automation, transportation, identification and logistics etc, and expands its application scope continually. Meanwhile, the diversity of RFID standards and the particularity of the application also bring new demands and challenges to the test and the performance evaluation of RFID systems. Based on these, the delta radar cross section (delta RCS), bit error rate (BER), backscattered modulation and performance evaluation model of passive ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID systems are researched in this paper, which applies with electromagnetic fields, microwave and antennas testing and statistical analysis method. The main content and work are as follows: Firstly, this paper describes the basic theory, positions and relevant standards of RFID systems. From the RFID testing principles, technologies and contents, the test methods and equipment of RFID system are researched. Then a test platform is built based on the virtual instrument technology, software defined radio (SDR) and RF test technologies. This paper introduces the key of the architectural form, the selection of hardware and the design of software, and gives some measuring methods and results for specific parameters. The results show that the platform has ability for test of reliability, patibility and stability, which can plete the test of protocol and conformance, electrical properties, sniffer, and performance of system and application scenarios. It possesses the function of performance index analysis and visualization of performance evaluations, which supports multiprotocol and userdefined standards. It meets demand of public services such as RFID technology research and test, hardware product certification test, application test.Secondly, based on theory of RFID technology and backscatter, a relationship is derived between BER of backscatter link and the passive tag’s delta RCS of state “0” and state “1”. Therefore, this paper presents a new method which is adapted to analysis and test for BER of RFID munication link. A measurement system based on virtual instruments is built, and introduces vector subtraction methods to eliminate the errors brought by direct path leakage signal between transmit and receive antennas. Furthermore delta RCS and the BER of backscattered signal under different parameters are measured and analyzed. Experimental results show that the greater the transmitted power, the bigger the BER of backscatter link when the received power meet required sensitivity of readers and tags. Thirdly, optimal conditions for maximizing the effective received power of reader receiver for passive UHF RFID system are analyzed in this paper. The modulation index of tag backscatter link which affectied by mismatched impendence is discussed. Representations based on backscattered modulation index are derived, which are used for calculating normalized effective received power of reader receiver, lower boundary of signal noise ratio (SNR) for demodulated output signal and BER. Modulation index of backscatter link under different parameters is measured in open indoor environment. The measurement results show that the tag can be detected successfully when the modulation index of backscatter link is in 5% to 10%. When the modulation index of backscatter link is greater than 10 percent, the power absorbed by chip of tags is too low to work normally。結(jié)合LVQ算法和GA算法，提出了一種改進(jìn)的GALVQ算法，并將其引入RFID系統(tǒng)標(biāo)簽識別率預(yù)測，一方面利用LVQ神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)大的學(xué)習(xí)、聯(lián)想、計算簡單和分類識別的功能，并引入學(xué)習(xí)速度修正規(guī)則，保證算法的學(xué)習(xí)穩(wěn)定性，另一方面利用GA算法較強(qiáng)的全局搜索功能、求解能力和魯棒性，并引入交叉率和變異率算子動態(tài)調(diào)整方法，避免“優(yōu)秀基因丟失”和“種群單調(diào)”問題，提高算法的學(xué)習(xí)效率。最后，基于實驗設(shè)計方法理論，設(shè)計了一個RFID系統(tǒng)性能測試實驗，利用統(tǒng)計分析方法給出了影響RFID系統(tǒng)性能的主要因素，并建立了RFID系統(tǒng)性能評估回歸模型。在開闊的室內(nèi)環(huán)境下，完成了不同參數(shù)條件下的反向散射調(diào)制系數(shù)測試。得出在滿足閱讀器和標(biāo)簽靈敏度要求條件下，發(fā)射功率越大，標(biāo)簽反向散射鏈路通信BER越大。其次基于RFID技術(shù)通信原理和天線反向散射理論，導(dǎo)出了無源標(biāo)簽的雷達(dá)散射截面的三維表現(xiàn)形式，并給出了反向散射信號在“0”“1”狀態(tài)下的雷達(dá)散射截面差值與反向散射鏈路通信誤碼率的關(guān)系，提出了一種適合于反向散射RFID通信鏈路的誤碼率分析及測試方法。結(jié)果表明，該測試平臺具備可靠性、兼容性、穩(wěn)定性等性能測試能力，可以完成RFID空中接口一致性、電氣性能、第三方監(jiān)測、系統(tǒng)性能及應(yīng)用場景性能等測試，具備性能指標(biāo)分析和可視化性能評估功能，并且支持多協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測試，具備客戶自定義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試的擴(kuò)展能力?；谝陨犀F(xiàn)狀，應(yīng)用電磁場、天線、測試和統(tǒng)計分析等相關(guān)理論，本文研究了無源超高頻RFID系統(tǒng)中的雷達(dá)散射截面差值、誤碼率和反向散射調(diào)制性能以及RFID系統(tǒng)性能評估模型，主要內(nèi)容及工作包括：首先闡述了RFID系統(tǒng)工作原理、組成及RFID相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（請在以上相應(yīng)方框內(nèi)打“√”）作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期： 年 月 日IX超高頻射頻識別系統(tǒng)性能的分析與測試摘 要隨著近幾年“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，作為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一的射頻識別技術(shù)（Radio Frequency Identification, RFID）技術(shù)也迎來了一個新的飛速發(fā)展時期，開始大量應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)自動化、交通、身份識別和物流等領(lǐng)域，并且在不斷擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用范圍。本學(xué)位論文屬于保密□，在______年解密后適用本授權(quán)書。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。超高頻射頻識別系統(tǒng)性能的分析與測試學(xué)校代號 10532 學(xué) 號 B06091005 分 類 號 TN911 密 級 公開 博士學(xué)位論文超高頻射頻識別系統(tǒng)性能的分析與測試學(xué)位申請人姓名 李兵培 養(yǎng) 單 位 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 導(dǎo)師姓名及職稱 何怡剛 教授 學(xué) 科 專 業(yè) 電氣工程 研 究 方 向 射頻識別技術(shù) 論文提交日期 2011年3月23日 III學(xué)校代號：10532學(xué)號：B06091005密級：公開湖南大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文超高頻射頻識別系統(tǒng)性能的分析與測試學(xué)位申請人姓名： 李 兵 導(dǎo)師姓名及職稱： 何怡剛 教授 培養(yǎng)單位： 電氣與信息工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)名稱： 電氣工程 論文提交日期： 2011年03月23日 論文答辯日期： 2011年05月26日 答辯委員會主席： 姚建剛 Analysis and measurement of ultra high frequency radio frequency identification systems byLI Bing. （Chongqing University of Science and Technology） 1995. （Hunan University） 2006A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of theRequirements for the degree ofDoctor of EngineeringinElectrical Engineeringin theGraduate SchoolofHunan UniversitySupervisorProfessor HE YigangMay, 2011湖 南 大 學(xué)學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的論文