美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史復(fù)習(xí)資料-展示頁(yè)
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【正文】 in rhyme and rhythm. 美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)RealismHistorical backgroundImpact of the Civil War Changes in national economic life Concentration of wealth and power Polarization of the rich and the poor (This was the beginning of what Mark Twain called “The Gilded Age” — an age of extremes: of decline and progress, of poverty and dazzling wealth, of gloom and buoyant hope.) Closing of the frontier Definitionbased on the accurate, unromanticized observation of human experiences. It insists on precise description, authentic action and dialogue, moral honesty, and a democratic openness in subject matter and style. Realism as a literary movement refers to the approach of realist fiction occurred at the later part of the 19th century. Realism, as a broader term, is also inclusive of naturalism, regionalism and local color writing. Major features Realism reacts against Romanticism’s emphasis on intuition, imagination, a dreamy sense of wonder, idealism, faith in nature, and general optimistic belief in the goodness of things. Realists claim that they seek truth that is verifiable by experience and have practical consequences。The American Scholar論美國(guó)學(xué)者Henry David ThoreauWalden:informal,spontaneous and so easy. His sentences are concentrated and vigorous.美國(guó)浪漫主義后期High Romantics in fictionNathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet letter紅字；The House of Sever Gables有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子Herman Melville MobyDick白鯨；Pierre皮埃爾High Romantics in poetry216。The Pathfinder探路人。The Last of the Mohicans 最后一個(gè)莫希干人。The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說(shuō)James Fenimore CooperLeatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集。 the rhetoric is plain and honest；a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the BiblePuritans’ way of Life：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety.In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter there is a good description of the Puritans’ life. Main writersWilliam BradfordOf Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯墾殖記Thomas Paine Common Sense 常識(shí)；American Crisis美國(guó)危機(jī)；The Rights of Man人權(quán)；The Age of Reason理性時(shí)代Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The Wild Honeysuckle野金銀花Benjamin FranklinAutobiography富蘭克林自傳Thomas JeffersonDraft the Declaration of Independence.美國(guó)浪漫主義早期RomanticismBackground of Romanticism：Economic boom and national optimism ；Favorable literary milieu: increasing number of magazines ；Foreign influences: the Romantic Movement in Europe. Characteristics of Romanticism：A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. Feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important for romantics than reason and mon sense. An emphasis on individualism。美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史復(fù)習(xí)資料美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史復(fù)習(xí)資料2016年12月23日目錄殖民時(shí)期及十八世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)美國(guó)浪漫主義早期新英格蘭超驗(yàn)主義美國(guó)浪漫主義后期美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué)美國(guó)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌美國(guó)現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)美國(guó)南方文學(xué)美國(guó)現(xiàn)代戲劇美國(guó)黑人文學(xué)美國(guó)華裔文學(xué)殖民時(shí)期及十八世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, named by Captain John Smith216。 PuritanismDoctrines of Puritanism：predestination（命運(yùn)神定), original sin, total depravity (徹底的墮落), and limited atonement (有限的贖罪)from God’s gracePuritans left Europe for America in order to prove that they were God’s chosen people who would enjoy God’s blessings on earth and in Heaven. They felt that they were exiles under the special grace of God to establish a theocracy in the New World. Style of writing：the style is fresh, simple and direct。 placing the individual against the group, against authority.Stress on the close relationship between man and na
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