【正文】
地描述了紅細(xì)胞,證明馬爾皮基推測(cè)的毛細(xì)血管層是真實(shí)存在的。他還測(cè)算了它們的大小。原是拉丁文Dierken的譯音,意即細(xì)小活潑的物體。關(guān)鍵詞:列文?虎克 巴斯德 科赫 院士 沙眼 巴氏滅菌History of Chinese and Foreign Microbial Life Stories of Important FiguresAbstract: The microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and some small, microscopic algae, etc., a large class of biological munities, it is the individual small, but closely related to human life. Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope, the microbes will be well known, following the microbial world Leeuwenhoek discovered 200 years later, microbiology research is basically to stay in shape description and categorized stage. Until the mid19th century to the French Pasteur (Louis Pasteur ,18221895) and Koch in Germany (Robert Koch ,18431910) was represented by scientists from the morphological description of microbial physiology of advancing to the stage exposed the corruption is caused by microbial fermentation and cause human and animal diseases, and the establishment of isolation, culture, and a series of vaccination and sterilization unique microbial technology. Thus laid the foundation of Microbiology, at the same time opening up the medical and industrial microorganisms such as branches.Keywords: Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Koch Academician Trachoma Pasteurization 列文?虎克,英文名(Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,- )荷蘭顯微鏡學(xué)家、英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)員、微生物學(xué)的開拓者。直到19世紀(jì)中期,以法國(guó)的巴斯德(Louis Pasteur,18221895)和德國(guó)的柯赫(Robert Koch,18431910)為代表的科學(xué)家才將微生物的研究從形態(tài)描述推進(jìn)到生理學(xué)研究階段,揭露了微生物是造成腐敗發(fā)酵和人畜疾病的原因,并建立了分離、培養(yǎng)、接種和滅菌等一系列獨(dú)特的微生物技術(shù)。中外微生物學(xué)史重要人物的生平事跡研究摘要:微生物是包括細(xì)菌、病毒、真菌以及一些小型的原生動(dòng)物、顯微藻類等在內(nèi)的一大類生物群體,它個(gè)體微小,卻與人類生活關(guān)系密切。列文虎克發(fā)明顯微鏡之后,微生物便為人們所熟知,繼列文虎克發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物世界以后的200年間,微生物學(xué)的研究基本上停留在形態(tài)描述和分門別類階段。從而奠定了微生物學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)開辟了醫(yī)學(xué)和工業(yè)微生物等分支學(xué)科。早期列文?虎克就對(duì)在放大透鏡下所展示的顯微世界顯示出了濃厚的興趣,他觀察的對(duì)象也極為廣泛,有晶體、礦物、植物、動(dòng)物、微生物、污水等等。1674年他開始觀察細(xì)菌和原生動(dòng)物即他所謂的“非常微小的動(dòng)物”。1677年首次描述了昆蟲、狗和人的精子。1702年他在細(xì)心觀察了輪蟲以后,指出在所有露天積水中都可以找到微生物,因?yàn)檫@些微生物附著在微塵上、飄浮于空中并且隨風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)移。列文虎克第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物時(shí),給它們?nèi)×藗€(gè)奇怪名字——“狄爾肯”。路易斯像牛頓開辟出經(jīng)典力學(xué)一樣,巴斯德開辟了微生物領(lǐng)域,創(chuàng)立了一整套獨(dú)特的