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調(diào)控背景下房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)融資策略分析-展示頁(yè)

2025-08-05 22:22本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 道研究方而的相關(guān)文節(jié)。這樣綜合推算,房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)直接和間接來(lái)自銀行的貸款資金額,基本上達(dá)到總資金來(lái)源的70%左右(見(jiàn)下表)。房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)資金主要來(lái)源是銀行貸款,除直接銀行貸款外,開(kāi)發(fā)資金主要由前期開(kāi)發(fā)的產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售收入結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)而來(lái),其中大部分又是來(lái)自購(gòu)房者的銀行按揭貸款。同時(shí),由于自有資金的不足,大部分房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)只能靠高負(fù)債進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)與經(jīng)營(yíng)。第二,房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)的自有資金不足,而其資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率又很高。作為資金密集型的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè),其開(kāi)發(fā)資金需求量是相當(dāng)大的。于是,我國(guó)通過(guò)研究國(guó)外已有成熟的房地產(chǎn)融資理論后,結(jié)合國(guó)情提出了符合我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)融資渠道。一、目前我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)融資的研究現(xiàn)狀在我國(guó)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期,房地產(chǎn)資金是由國(guó)家財(cái)政撥款以及少量的自籌資金組成。在這樣一個(gè)宏觀背景下,房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商該何去何從,又該如何解決自身的融資之困境?新形勢(shì)下的融資策略研究就顯得極其重要了。譬如日本,在泡沫破裂前,日本東京的一個(gè)地標(biāo)式建筑——東京帝國(guó)廣場(chǎng)一帶的地面每平方英里價(jià)格曾經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了美國(guó)加利福尼亞的地塊價(jià)格,而整個(gè)東京都地區(qū)的地價(jià),相當(dāng)于美國(guó)全國(guó)的土地價(jià)格,但接下來(lái)的房地產(chǎn)泡沫的破裂迅速把日本拉入經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的谷底?,F(xiàn)在此背景下深入分析中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)宏觀調(diào)控政策效果,探究其發(fā)展過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的偏差及問(wèn)題癥結(jié),為下一步宏觀調(diào)控政策提供參考(張美濤,2010)。這些問(wèn)題不僅威脅著房地產(chǎn)金融的安全,也深刻影響了廣大人民的生活以及國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康運(yùn)行?;诖?,融資渠道問(wèn)題的研究就具有極為重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義了。綜上所述,在我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的大背景之下,無(wú)論未來(lái)是扶植還是抑制房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資渠道多元化的發(fā)展都是一個(gè)必然的趨勢(shì)。我國(guó)對(duì)銀行依賴(lài)度過(guò)高的房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)在其發(fā)展中一遇到干擾就會(huì)將此波動(dòng)引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給銀行,房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)的的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一旦變成銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就很容易影響到整個(gè)國(guó)家的金融,給國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)威脅。這一情況已有歷史教訓(xùn),在 17 世紀(jì)到 20 世紀(jì)末發(fā)生的 40 多次波及到全球的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中有約一半都涉及到房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的非理性投機(jī)。這種重大影響主要表現(xiàn)在:現(xiàn)房的價(jià)格上漲,短期內(nèi)對(duì)房地產(chǎn)的投資下降,有關(guān)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的金融市場(chǎng)里的創(chuàng)新數(shù)量增多,本就存在的大小房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)的分化加劇等等。這些文件政策出之后,無(wú)疑開(kāi)發(fā)商面臨的就是資金鏈斷裂的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)了。雖然在這十年間我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)的融資結(jié)構(gòu)有所優(yōu)化,自籌資金和其他資金來(lái)源的比重在不斷上升,但依賴(lài)國(guó)內(nèi)貸款的現(xiàn)象仍是十分嚴(yán)重。開(kāi)發(fā)商用這筆錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)土地,之后以這塊購(gòu)來(lái)的土地作為抵押物,向銀行進(jìn)行抵押貸款,再用這筆貸款來(lái)進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)。我國(guó)大多數(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)商的運(yùn)作模式通常是一種滾動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)的模式。其具體表現(xiàn)如下:房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)成功的關(guān)鍵是資金、土地和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)方案。另外,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)有十分強(qiáng)大的關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng),大大推動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展的影響力不容小覷。80 年代是房地產(chǎn)業(yè)起步的階段,到了 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入了成長(zhǎng)期。從現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)生活看,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)是社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和生活的基本載體,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一個(gè)在工業(yè)化、城市化過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè),在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中起著十分重要的作用。 Financing channel。s real estate macroscopic background, while bottlenecks of real estate development and construction funds is encountered, its related industries will also be significantly affected. Then the development of our national economy has considerable obstacles. Therefore, the real estate business to diversify the financing channels for development has bee an inevitable trend.Keywords: real estate。s real estate can overe the financing difficulties relies on the innovation of financial tools and the improvement of the financing channels. Secondly, the paper in the developed countries for reference of the mature real estate channels of financing, financing model for real estate fund some of the security is representative of the optional channels of analysis, China39。t play out its role. The disadvantages of the traditional financing channels gradually e to light, and have affected the sustainable and healthy development of the real estate. Face the dilemma for financing, real estate enterprises have started to search for diversified financing channels, such as real estate and private equity fund trust and the buyer39。s real estate market is not yet mature, real estate capital source mainly dependent on banks. Thus the mode of operation of real estate in our country brings a lot of financial risks. Once the real estate pany debt management problems, the risk of real estate industry eventually spread to the bank, then the industry risk transform into financial market risk. This shows, the financing mode is not stable, there39。因此,房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)融資策略分析已迫在眉睫。其次,本文借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成熟的房地產(chǎn)融資渠道,為房地產(chǎn)融資模式提供資金保障的一些具有代表性的可選渠道進(jìn)行分析,我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)融資體系有待健全,金融體制還需進(jìn)一步完善。首先,本文從我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)融資渠道的現(xiàn)狀入手,并針對(duì)近年來(lái)出臺(tái)的房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策,對(duì)當(dāng)下我國(guó)當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的融資策略進(jìn)行分析。能否盡快建立健全多渠道融資體系,獲得足夠的資金支持,已成為房地產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。傳統(tǒng)融資渠道的弊端逐漸顯露出來(lái),并且已經(jīng)影響了房地產(chǎn)金融的持續(xù)、健康發(fā)展。由此可見(jiàn),這種融資模式很不穩(wěn)定,存在很大的隱患。發(fā)展房地產(chǎn)業(yè),能夠迅速增加當(dāng)?shù)刎?cái)政收入,為城市的公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)乃至文教衛(wèi)生等福利事業(yè)提供穩(wěn)定的資金來(lái)源。本科生畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))調(diào)控背景下房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)融資策略分析姓  名吳凱軍學(xué)  號(hào)20084040216專(zhuān)  業(yè)工程管理指導(dǎo)教師陳衛(wèi)華2012年04月30日25 / 31摘 要房地產(chǎn)業(yè)是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)重要的組成部分,其作為在工業(yè)化和城市化的過(guò)程中新興發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)我國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活起著舉足輕重的作用。同時(shí),房地產(chǎn)業(yè)具有關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng),既能拉動(dòng)工業(yè)與制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,又能促進(jìn)部分第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、園林、旅游等行業(yè)的繁榮。 目前我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)還尚未成熟,房地產(chǎn)資金來(lái)源主要依賴(lài)于銀行,這樣的運(yùn)作模式給我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)金融帶來(lái)很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn),一旦房地產(chǎn)公司負(fù)債經(jīng)營(yíng)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,那么房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最終就會(huì)波及到銀行,從而把一個(gè)行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為金融市場(chǎng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在新的宏觀調(diào)控背景下,隨著一系列房地產(chǎn)銀行信貸的政策和措施相繼出臺(tái),獲取銀行貸款的門(mén)檻大大提高,而我國(guó)的股票及債券市場(chǎng)又不能發(fā)揮出其應(yīng)起的作用。面對(duì)融資困局,房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)紛紛開(kāi)始探求多元化的融資渠道,諸如房地產(chǎn)信托、私募基金、買(mǎi)方信貸等等,紛紛進(jìn)入我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)并起了重要作用。為此,本文從房地產(chǎn)融資渠道若干問(wèn)題著手展開(kāi)探討。我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)能否突破融資困境,實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)?;l(fā)展,有賴(lài)于我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)金融工具的創(chuàng)新及融資渠道的完善??傊谖覈?guó)房地產(chǎn)宏觀背景下,房地產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)的資金遭遇到瓶頸時(shí),其相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)也將會(huì)受到重大影響,進(jìn)而對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)大的阻礙。關(guān)鍵詞:房地產(chǎn);調(diào)控;融資渠道;多樣化 AbstractThe real estate industry in China is the important ponent of the national economy, as in the process of industrialization and urbanization of the development of modern industry and emerging fundamental industry, and plays an important role on China’s social and economic life. At the same time, the real estate industry has a Correlation effect, both stimulating the development of industrial and manufacturing sector, but also to promote prosperity of some tertiary industry, landscape, tourism and other industries. Development of real estate can quickly increase local revenue for the city’s public infrastructure, even the welfare of culture, education, and health .It provides a stable source of funding.At present our country39。s a hidden danger. In the new macrocontrol background, with a series of real estate bank credit policies and measures have issued. It’s really not easy to get a bank loan. However, in China the stock and bond markets can39。s credit, and so on, which have entered into the real estate market and played an important role. As Soon as possible establishing the financing system, to get enough capital support, has bee the key of the development of real estate industry. Therefore, this paper starts a simple discussion of real estate financing channels. First of all, the paper analyses the current real estate finance strategy under recent control policy of real estate. Whether China39。s real estate finance system needs to be perfect, the financial system still need to be further perfected. In short, under China39。 Regulation。 diversification 朗讀顯示對(duì)應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音 目 錄引 言 1一、目前我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)融資的研究現(xiàn)狀 2(一)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)企業(yè)的資金來(lái)源 4 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 8 9(二)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資渠道的現(xiàn)狀 9二、調(diào)控背景下房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資的現(xiàn)狀 11(一)近年來(lái)房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策分析 11(二)國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控對(duì)房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)的影響 15 15 16三、我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)融資渠道存在的問(wèn)題 17(一)發(fā)展歷史較短 18(二)資本市場(chǎng)有效性差 19(三)房企自身融資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理 20(四)外部環(huán)境的影響 20 20 21四、宏觀調(diào)控下我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)融資的具體對(duì)策分析 21(一)新形勢(shì)下房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)融資的應(yīng)對(duì)之策 21,制定多元化融資發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 22 22 22 22 23(二)對(duì)當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)宏觀調(diào)控的政策建議 23結(jié)束語(yǔ) 23參考文獻(xiàn) 24 引 言 房地產(chǎn)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部
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