【正文】 撞而產(chǎn)生的車禍。目前，由于私家車的普及，伴隨著的就是各種車禍的產(chǎn)生。于是，智能一詞越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。 using ultrasonic sensors to perceive obstacles thing to realize obstacle avoidance function。 關(guān)鍵詞 智能化，單片機，紅外對管，超聲波傳感器 ABSTRACT Along with the development of society, more and more intelligent attention. This design by simulating a car driving and automatic obstacle avoidance, to achieve intelligent. In this design, with STC89C52 SCM as the master chip, processing various signals received, and make corresponding feedback。在進行避障調(diào)試中，我們可以把障礙物放在小車前方，然后看小車兩個輪子的轉(zhuǎn)向。我們可以分別對每一個功能部分來進行調(diào)試，驅(qū)動部分調(diào)試時，只要給電機向前或者向后的信號，就可以調(diào)試出其功能。這樣就可以保證在設(shè)計過程中的嚴密性，不會因為單一設(shè)計體系而使整個系統(tǒng)功能出現(xiàn)錯誤。在此設(shè)計中，用 STC89C52 單片機作為主控芯片，處理接收到的各種信號，并作出相應(yīng)的反饋；用紅外對管來進行黑線檢測，從而達到循跡的目的；用超聲波傳感器來感知障礙物，實現(xiàn)避障功能；用 L298N 芯片來進行驅(qū)動，通過編寫的程序，保證了電機的左右轉(zhuǎn)動，從而達到小車設(shè)計時預(yù)定的目標。 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 題目： 基于 51 單片機的小車循跡避障系統(tǒng) 學 院 ： 電氣工程學院 學 號 ： 姓 名 ： 專業(yè)年級 ： 指導老師 ： 基于 51 單片機的小車循跡避障系統(tǒng) 專業(yè)：電子信息工程 姓名： 指導教師： 摘 要 隨著社會的發(fā)展，智能化越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。本設(shè)計通過模擬汽車的自動行駛及避障功能，來實現(xiàn)智能 化。 在本小車的設(shè)計中，有著嚴格的設(shè)計過程，采用了模塊結(jié)構(gòu)框圖設(shè)計、程序流程圖設(shè)計、程序設(shè)計以及電路圖設(shè)計等多個設(shè)計步驟。 由于小車在設(shè)計過程中，采用了模塊 化的設(shè)計思路，所以在進行調(diào)試時非常方便。循跡部分調(diào)試時，只要通過檢測到黑線，判斷是否沿黑線行駛，即可以調(diào)試出。這種模塊化的設(shè)計思想不僅簡化了設(shè)計過程，而且對我們以后的設(shè)計也會有一定啟發(fā)。 using Infrared to tube to detect the black line, so as to achieve the purpose of tracking。 using L298N chip to be driven by written procedures to ensure that the motor is rotating around to achieve the desired goal when designing the car. In car design, a rigorous design process, using a block diagram of the module design, program flowchart design, programming and multiple design steps Schematic design. This ensures that the design process rigor, the error does not occur because of a single design system and make the entire system functions. As the car in the design process, using a modular design concept, so very convenient during debugging. We were part of each function for debugging, debugging driving part, as long as the motor forward or backward signal, you can debug the functionality. When debugging tracking part, simply by detecting the black line, to determine whether the black line running along, that you can debug a. Avoidance during missioning, we can put an obstacle in front of the car, and then look at the car two steering wheels. This modular design not only simplifies the design, but also for our future designs also have some inspiration. Key Words : Intelligent， SCM， Infrared to tube， Ultrasonic sensors 目 錄 第 1章 緒論 ................................................................................................................................. 1 智能小車的研究意義 ......................................................................................................... 1 智能小車 的現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................................ 1 論文研究內(nèi)容與主要結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................. 2 第 2章 方案選型 ............................................................................................................................ 3 ........................................................................................................................... 3 電機驅(qū)動選擇 ................................................................................................................... 3 PWM調(diào)速技術(shù) .................................................................................................................... 4 循跡模塊技術(shù) ................................................................................................................... 5 避障模塊技術(shù) ................................................................................................................... 7 控制系統(tǒng)模塊 ................................................................................................................... 8 電源選擇 .......................................................................................................................... 9 第 3章 硬件電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................... 10 ......................................................................................................................... 10 .................................................................................................................. 10 ...................................................................................................................11 循跡部分電路 ................................................................................................................. 13 避障部分電路 ................................................................................................................. 14 .................................................................................................................. 16 第 4章 程序設(shè)計 .......................................................................................................................... 17 ............................................................................................................... 17 .................................................................................................................. 17 驅(qū)動程序流程圖 .............................................................................................................. 18 循跡程序流程圖 ........................................................