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to feel good,Hayward that need is not met,then they feel that something is young people then use “the exciting possibilities offered by criminal activities” to fill the expectation gap.Hayward has written a book called City Limits:Crime,Consumer Culture and the Urban says a consumer society teaches young people that their needs must be met from shopping,he claimed,crime was an easy way for that desire to be fulfilled.“The current generation of youngsters,”he said,“is getting far more advertising messages than any other group of children in history.”This makes them dissatisfied with their lives and hungry for more main motivation for street crime was not poor parenting,poverty of social exclusion,Hayward ’s “a desire for style,excitement and selfexpression” created by the way a consumer society works.Hayward said young people were repeatedly told that the purpose of their lives was to ,he said,they rarely question what role this “l(fā)anguage of seduction(誘惑)”plays in shaping their everyday lives.However,Professor David Smith,a criminologist from Edinburgh University,says Hayward’s ideas do not stand up to questioned how Hayward could explain the relationship between ever more focused advertising in the last 25 years and the drop in crime. to Dr. Keith Hayward,shopping and crime are similar in that . encourage people to seek better life are both ways to satisfy people’s desire for new thrills are both ways a consumer society works can both make people dissatisfied with their life and hungry for more thrills