【正文】 interest, ?economic territory of the country. BOP Key Concepts Transactions between a country’s residents and rest of the World 169。 remittances (suppl. info.) ?No distinction between Modes 1 (3 for construction) and 4 ?No relationship with Mode 4 but of interest for labour mobility 169。 definitions ? Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 169。 WTO/OMC 15 BOP Statistics Short Presentation (2/2) ? More detail needed than 11 BPM5 services ponents MSITS introduces EBOPS (breakdown of BPM5 services) ? Most services delivered under Mode 3 and Mode 4 are not well covered or identified However, some BOP indicators helpful: ? Foreign Direct Investment ? Compensation of employees ? Workers’ remittances Mode 3 Mode 4 169。 WTO/OMC 14 Of interest for GATS purposes but... BOP Statistics Short Presentation (1/2) BOP summarises transactions of an economy with the rest of the world BOP Current account Capital amp。 WTO/OMC 12 Mode 4: Presence of natural persons Juridical person Natural person An independent goes to country A COUNTRY A COUNTRY B An employee is sent by a pany of country B Commercial presence intracorporate transferee Consumer C Consumer Consumer The GATS Modes of Supply (2/2) Service supply Service supply 169。 WTO/OMC 10 The GATS Set of rules covering international trade in services GATS Pillars Set of general obligations and disciplines Schedules of specific mitments Annexes on specific issues Commitments under GATS By services sectors By mode of supply 169。 WTO/OMC 8 E x p o r t s o f G o o d s a n d Co m m e r c ia l S e r v ic e s , 1 9 8 0 2 0 0 701002003004005006007008009001000198083 86 89 92 95 98200120042007(1980=100)02022400060008000100001202214000160001800020220Billion USDG o o d sC o m m e r c i a ls e r v i c e sCommercial services Goods GDP 169。 WTO/OMC 6 Measuring Services Production (1/2) Statistics on domestic activity ? Value added broken down by industry (of which services) within the National Accounts framework ? Employment in the services sector within employment statistics (also part of the National Accounts) ? Information on specific services sectors from business statistics 169。 WTO/OMC 4 0%20%40%60%80%100%WorldHigh incomeMiddle incomeLow incomeUSAEU27JapanBrazilRussian Fed.IndiaIndonesiaChinaNigeriaSe r v i c e s A g r i c u l tu r e I n d u s tr yShare of Services Value Added in GDP 2022, Selected countries 169。 WTO/OMC 2 ? Characteristics and economic importance of services ? Importance of services ? Trade in services ? GATS and modes of supply ? Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services ? BOP ? FATS ? Modes of supply and statistical domains Overview 169。169。 WTO/OMC 1 Measuring Trade in Services Training Module 169。 WTO/OMC 3 Services ? Intangible output of a production process PRODUCTION USER’S NEED PRODUCTS ? GOODS (tangible) ? SERVICES (intangible) ? Key role in the economy ?transport, telemunications… ?long term effects environmental, educational services… ? Services value added = 2/3 Global GDP 169。 WTO/OMC 5 0102030405060708090High incomeUnited StatesEU27JapanBrazilMauritiusMalaysiaEgyptIndonesiaThailandPakistanChina1995 2022*Share of Services in Total Employment 19952022, Selected countries * Except Brazil 2022, Egypt 2022 and China 2022. 169。 WTO/OMC 7 0204060801001201401601802001995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022Billion dollars6080100120140160180200Billion minutesMeasuring Services Production (2/2) Complementary use of statistics: ? on international payments for telemunications (source BOP) ? on international telemunications traffic (source ITU) Quantitative indicators on specific services BOP imports and exports 169。 WTO/OMC 9 Specific Features of Trade in Services Services represent 20% of total world trade and account for the 2/3 of GDP Intangible nature Conventional trade statistics do not cover all international trade in services ? Services delivered by foreign affiliates conventional international trade in services ? Many services require physical proximity of provider and consumer: ? services perceived as less easily tradable than goods 169。 WTO/OMC 11 The GATS Modes of Supply (1/2) COUNTRY A COUNTRY B Mode 1: Crossborder Mode 2: Consumption abroad Mode 3: Commercial presence Company Commercial presence Direct investment Consumer Service supplier The service crosses the border The consumer is abroad Service supply Consumer in C Consumer Consumer Service supplier Consumer $ $ $ $ $ Service supply Service supply FATS + BOP construction Establish mercial presence 169。 WTO/OMC 13 The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (2022) Guidelines and remendations on the measurement of trade in services Balance of Payments statistics Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services statistics Movement of natural persons 169。 financial account Goods Services Ine Current transfers 11 ponents Transportation Travel Communications etc.