【正文】 s International Trade Statistics (book, online and CDROM) All economies Summary data and analysis Summary data and analysis 169。 WTO/OMC 66 Availability of BOP/EBOPS Data on Trade in Services Compilation of trade in services is relatively well established and widespread ? BPM5 standard ponents widely piled: the number of countries reporting these data has more than doubled since 1997 (breakdown of exports) ? Significant progress was made in piling more detailed items, and in piling a breakdown by partner country 169。 topdown 187。 WTO/OMC 62 BOP Bilateral Asymmetries Country A Credit Debit BOP Country B Credit Debit BOP BOP transaction import export Recorded import Recorded export Difference = Bilateral asymmetry = 169。 WTO/OMC 58 Collection Systems for FATS Statistics Two different populations, requiring different approaches ? Inward: enterprises surveyed directly on their activity (easier to collect) ? Outward: resident parent panies surveyed on the activity of their affiliates abroad Different systems for collecting FATS statistics ? Surveys collecting FATS data ? Identify FATS in statistics on resident enterprises Only for Inward FATS Links with FDI in both cases (identification of the FATS population) 169。 WTO/OMC 54 ITRS ? Coverage ? All services transactions ? Responsibility ? (generally) the national central bank ? Respondents ? domestic banks (indirect reporting) ? residents holding accounts abroad or involved in clearing/ting schemes (direct reporting) ? Advantages ? timely, prehensive, few respondents ? Limitations ? transactions proxied by payments, possible misclassifications 169。 ICSE93 169。 WTO/OMC 48 For which categories should we measure the number of mode 4 persons? Natural persons Number of persons Contractual services suppliers Selfemployed Employees of foreign service suppliers Intracorporate transferees and directly recruited by foreign affiliate Services sellers Persons responsible for setting up mercial presence Yes Yes Yes 169。 WTO/OMC 44 The Movement of Natural Persons in GATS Relevant framework ? GATS’ main text: mode 4 presence of natural persons ? GATS’ Annex movement of natural persons Description of Mode 4 in main text and annex Purpose of stay Fulfilling directly a service contract, whether as a service supplier (selfemployed) or as an employee Duration of stay Temporary: Measures regarding citizenship, migration, residence and permanent employment are not covered Indirectly: Presence instrumental to supply of service: through mercial presence or supply at a later stage 169。 WTO/OMC 40 Compiling country Statistics on outward FATS Operations of the foreign Affiliate Resident Investor Described Outward FATS Geographical allocation Foreignowned affiliates of investors of the piling country Foreign affiliate (holding pany) Operations allocated to 169。 WTO/OMC 36 Statistical Units Units considered in FATS statistics may be Establishments of enterprises Enterprises ? Enterprise 1 ? Enterprise 2 ? Enterprise 3 ? Establishment 1a ? Establishment 1b ? Establishment 2a ? Establishment 2b ? Establishment 3a ? Establishment 2c = Enterprise 3 169。 WTO/OMC 32 Foreign Affiliate Trade in Services Statistics (FATS) ? Focus on services measuring Mode 3 (mercial pres.) ? Help understand the phenomenon of globalisation. ? Indicators that describe the activity of foreign affiliates ? Inward and outward FATS ? With a particular focus on services Guidelines for measuring the activity of foreign affiliates ? What are FATS statistics useful for? ? What do FATS statistics measure? 169。 WTO/OMC 28 ? At least for... ? Services as a whole ? 11 main services ponents of BPM5/EBOPS ? Main trading partners ? If possible.... ? More detailed EBOPS level ? Common geographical basis for all trade in services data Balance of Payments Statistics by Trading Partner 169。 WTO/OMC 26 EBOPS Detailed Components 2. Travel 1. Transport 3. Communications services …etc ? Sea transport (passenger, freight, other) ? Air transport (passenger, freight, other) ? Other transport (passenger, freight, other) ? Space, Rail, Road, ... ? Business travel ? Expenditure by seasonal and border workers ? Other ? Personal travel ?Healthrelated expenditure ?Educationrelated expenditure ?Other ? Postal amp。 WTO/OMC 22 Centre of economic interest flexible oneyear rule Concept of Residence Transactors ? Households / individuals ? Enterprises ? Others Country’s economic territory Principal residence Significant and lasting economic activity ? Geographic territory ? Territorial enclaves (. embassies…) 169。 WTO/OMC 18 ? Principles of recording ? Transactions and residence ? Other principles ? The Extended Balance of Payments classification ? Statistics by trading partner ? Allocation of BOP/EBOPS items to modes of supply Statistics on ResidentNon Resident Trade in Services (BOP) 169。 WTO/OMC 16 FATS Statistics Short Presentation Coverage ? Operations of foreign affiliates, ? Particular focus on services Indicators ? Turnover ? Employment ? Value added ? … Concepts amp。 WTO/OMC 13 The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (2022) Guidelines and remendations on the measurement of trade in services Balance of Payments statistics Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services statistics Movement of natural persons 169。 WTO/OMC 9 Specific Features of Trade in Services Services represent 20% of total world trade and account for the 2/3 of GDP Intangible nature Conventional trade statistics do not cov