【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ication) of FATS variables ?By country ?By activity and by services products Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services Statistics 169。 WTO/OMC 32 Foreign Affiliate Trade in Services Statistics (FATS) ? Focus on services measuring Mode 3 (mercial pres.) ? Help understand the phenomenon of globalisation. ? Indicators that describe the activity of foreign affiliates ? Inward and outward FATS ? With a particular focus on services Guidelines for measuring the activity of foreign affiliates ? What are FATS statistics useful for? ? What do FATS statistics measure? 169。 WTO/OMC 33 Principles Underpinning FATS Statistics ? SNA 1993 (National Accounts) ? BPM5 (BOP) ? OECD Benchmark Definition of FDI In line with international standards FDI statistics may be used as an interim indicator where FATS are not piled 169。 WTO/OMC 34 The FDI Universe FDI: the direct investor makes an international investment to obtain a lasting interest in an enterprise abroad Owns 10% shares, voting power or the equivalent Direct investment enterprise ? Associate ? Subsidiary ? Branch between 10 and 50% more than 50% wholly or jointly unincorporated enterprise individuals enterprises associated groups of individuals/enterprises governments... Country A Country B Direct investor 169。 WTO/OMC 35 Firms Covered in FATS ? Ownership criteria Majorityowned foreign affiliates (a single foreign investor owns more than 50% of their ordinary shares or voting power): ? Types of producers Affiliates producing goods, services Includes subsidiaries and branches Excludes associates 169。 WTO/OMC 36 Statistical Units Units considered in FATS statistics may be Establishments of enterprises Enterprises ? Enterprise 1 ? Enterprise 2 ? Enterprise 3 ? Establishment 1a ? Establishment 1b ? Establishment 2a ? Establishment 2b ? Establishment 3a ? Establishment 2c = Enterprise 3 169。 WTO/OMC 37 Time of Recording FATS Variables Accrual basis Period of recording Reference year Recording when the transaction occurs rather than when the related payment is made Flow variables reference year Stock variables end of reference year Calendar year in principle Explanatory note If only fiscal or accounting year is available 169。 WTO/OMC 38 Economic Variables for FATS ? Sales (turnover) and/or output ? Employment ? Value added ? Exports and imports of goods and services ? Number of enterprises Basic FATS variables (minimum remended by MSITS) Additional FATS variables ?Compensation of employees ?Taxes on ine ? Research and development expenditures ?etc... Concepts in the MSITS 169。 WTO/OMC 39 Geographical allocation Foreignowned affiliates in the piling country Compiling country Operations of foreignowned affiliates Foreign investor Statistics on Inward FATS Immediate owner Foreign Investor Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) Described Inward FATS Operations allocated to 169。 WTO/OMC 40 Compiling country Statistics on outward FATS Operations of the foreign Affiliate Resident Investor Described Outward FATS Geographical allocation Foreignowned affiliates of investors of the piling country Foreign affiliate (holding pany) Operations allocated to 169。 WTO/OMC 41 Classification by Activity and by Product ? FATS are classified by activity ? According to their primary activity ? According to ISIC categories for foreign affiliates (ICFA) ? ICFA can be linked to EBOPS ? Longterm priority… ? Disaggregation of FATS variables by product 169。 WTO/OMC 42 ? The movement of natural persons in GATS ? Mode 4 service suppliers ? Temporary movement ? Relations to existing classifications ? Statistics for measuring Mode 4 ? BOP statistics ? FATS statistics ? Migration statistics ? Other possible sources ? Improving Mode 4related statistics The Movement of Natural Persons 169。 WTO/OMC 43 Main Issues for Measuring Mode 4 Mode 4 in MSITS ? The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (MSITS) recognises that a statistical framework needs to be developed for measuring Mode 4 ? Annex in MSITS as a first step Main statistical issues ? Determining the coverage of Mode 4 ? Only fragmentary indicators available ? Determining the indicators to measure Mode 4 169。 WTO/OMC 44 The Movement of Natural Persons in GATS Relevant framework ? GATS’ main text: mode 4 presence of natural persons ? GATS’ Annex movement of natural persons Description of Mode 4 in main text and annex Purpose of stay Fulfilling directly a service contract, whether as a service supplier (selfemployed) or as an employee Duration of stay Temporary: Measures regarding citizenship, migration, residence and permanent employment are not covered Indirectly: Presence instrumental to supply of service: through mercial presence or supply at a later stage 169。 WTO/OMC 45 Contractual service suppliers – Selfemployed (independent) service suppliers – Employees of foreign service suppliers Who is covered by Mode 4? Intracorporate transferees and persons directly recruited by the foreign affiliate Services sellers / Persons responsible for setting up mercial presence Areas of uncertainty ? difference between employment and service contract ? what does constitute a service? ? many mitments currently focus on highlyskilled workers 169。 WTO/OMC 46 For which categories should we measure the value of services trade? Natural persons Value of service trade flows Contractual services suppliers Selfemployed Employees of foreign service suppliers Intracorporate transferees and directly recruited by foreign affiliate Services sellers Pe