【正文】 e potential danger of even small amounts of alcohol.2. Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words “Part of the myth is . . . .” (See the first sentence of paragraph 3.) What addition transitions does she use to introduce each of the three other parts of the myth (in the first sentences of paragraphs 5, 7, and 9)? What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are “another,” “also,” and “finally.” Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4。 answer d is too broad. 5. b Paragraph 9 6. d Paragraphs 1819 7. c Paragraph 16 8. c Paragraph 23 9. b 10. aStructure and Technique, 6496501. In paragraph 1, McClintock’s choice of words reveals her attitudes toward both propagandists and the public. What specific words reveal her attitudes, and what attitudes do they represent?Answer:McClintock describes propagandists as “seducers” and “brainwashers.” She refers to their “alluring images,” their “tricks,” and their “charm.” She describes the public as “content” and “eager . . . victims.” Her choice of words makes it clear that she thinks propagandists are untrustworthy and interested in taking unfair advantage of a tootrusting public.2. What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2? Why does she define it here? Where else in the essay does she use the technique of definition?Answer:She defines the term “propaganda.” She places the definition close to the beginning because it is so essential to the reader’s understanding of the rest of her essay. Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 21. In each of those paragraphs, she defines a particular propaganda technique.3. McClintock uses parentheses in two lists, the ones in paragraphs 7 and 19. What purpose do these parentheses serve?Answer:Paragraph 7 lists “highsounding but basically empty phrases.” The author uses parentheses to add ments that reveal the emptiness of those listed phrases. Paragraph 19 lists claims that include “weasel words.” The author uses parentheses to show just how insubstantial those weasel words are.4 . McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay. Why does she provide so many examples? What does she acplish with this technique?Answer:McClintock’s many examples, drawn from the television and print ads we all see every day, clarify her definitions and demonstrate that propaganda techniques are truly a factor in everyday life. The examples make the reader more aware of the effects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion,6501. Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrasting appeals. How do namecalling and glittering generalities contrast with each other? Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Namecalling appeals to the instincts of fear, anger, and mistrust. Namecalling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone. Glittering generalities, on the other hand, appeal to the public’s positive emotions: love, attraction, patriotism. The public is asked to accept the thing or person advertised by associating it with those emotions. Testimonials depend on the public’s interest in or affection for celebrities—people ordinary viewers don’t know but admire and see as bigger and more important than themselves. By contrast, plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the public likes to see ordinary people—people like themselves—in the products and services they buy.2. Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective? What ads have you seen recently that use that approach?Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to be part of a group. We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people who agree with us about something—even something as trivial as what frozen coffee cake is best (“Nobody doesn’t like Sara Lee”). Answers to the second question will vary.3. The author states, “Americans, adults and children alike, are being seduced.” What might be the differences between the ways adults and children react to the seductions of advertising?Answer:Answers will vary.4. McClintock states, “We are victims, seemingly content—even eager—to be victimized” (paragraph 1). Do you agree? Is this article likely to change how you view ads in the future? Why or why not?Answer:Answers will vary.ThesisandSupport OutlineThesis: People should detect and understand mon propaganda techniques, which appeal to the emotions rather than to logic. 1. We are bombarded with ads, which present biased messages through various propaganda techniques, including seven mon ones (14). 2. Name calling—referring to a petitor with negatively charged names or ments (5). 3. Glittering generalities—making importantsounding general claims with no explanation (68). 4. Transfer—associating something with a symbol or image most people respect and admire (911). 5. Testimonial—promoting something with the support of a celebrity (1215). 6. Plain folks—associating something with the average person (1617). 7. Card stacking—making something sound good by suppressing relevant evidence or making an unfinished claim (18