【正文】 , with rehydration , the supply of energy , added sugar, cardiac diuretic , detoxification effect . However, in a variety of pharmaceutical and food production process, the sugar concentration is low , resulting in low productivity ,so that it can not meet production needs, which requires a large amount of water distilled off by concentration to obtain a high concentration of sugar . The design uses four crossflow effect evaporation , evaporation equipment for the use of forced circulation outside heated falling film evaporator , the design of process and design, strength design and structural design , drawing sugar evaporation process flow diagram , equipment and facade layout and the heating chamber , the separation chamber , liquid distributor and atmospheric condensers and other equipment assembly drawings and parts diagram . Keywords： Four efficiency crossflow Sugar Evaporator Falling film 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 目錄 1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 物料的介紹 ........................................................................................................ 1 ..................................................................................................... 1 2 工藝流程圖的確定 ........................................................................................................ 2 蒸發(fā)過程分類選擇 .............................................................................................. 2 單效蒸發(fā)與多效蒸發(fā)的確定 ..................................................................... 2 ...................................................................... 3 效數(shù)的確定 ........................................................................................................ 3 加料方式的選擇 ................................................................................................. 3 蒸發(fā)設(shè)備的確定 ................................................................................................. 5 3 工藝計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................................... 5 物料衡算 ............................................................................................................ 5 熱量衡算 ............................................................................................................ 6 各效溶液的濃度 ....................................................................................... 6 蒸發(fā)器各效壓強(qiáng)的確定 ............................................................................ 6 溫差損失的確定 ....................................................................................... 7 各效糖液的焓值 ....................................................................................... 9 各效參數(shù)的確定 ....................................................................................... 9 熱量衡算 ............................................................................................... 10 傳熱面積的確定 ................................................................................................11 重新分配各效有效溫差 ...........................................................................11 各效參數(shù)的確定 ..................................................................................... 12 ................................................................................................ 13 ............................................................................................ 14 蒸發(fā)器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)工藝尺寸的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 15 .............................................................................. 15 .............................................................................. 23 室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................... 31 大氣冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ..................................................................................... 43 需要的冷卻水量 W的確定 ....................................................................... 43 筒體直徑的確定 ..................................................................................... 43 大氣冷凝器各管口直徑的確定 ................................................................ 44 淋水板參數(shù)的確定 ................................................................................. 44 ......................................................................................... 45 ................................................................................................ 45 泵的選擇 .......................................................................................................... 45 結(jié)論 ............................................................................................................................... 47 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 48 致謝 ............................................................................................................................... 49 河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 1 1 引言 物料的介紹 葡萄糖（化學(xué)式 C6H12O6）又稱為玉米葡糖、玉蜀黍糖， 甚至簡(jiǎn)稱為葡糖，是自然界分布最廣且最為重要的一種單糖，它是一種多羥基醛。水溶液旋光向右，故亦稱“右旋糖”。葡萄糖的溶解度、黏度隨溫度升高而增加。葡萄糖在生物體內(nèi)發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)，放出熱量。 葡萄糖在一定條件下分解成為水和二氧化碳以游離 或結(jié)合的形式，廣泛存在于生物界。正常人血漿中葡萄糖含量為 ~，尿中一般不含游離葡萄糖，糖尿病患者尿中的含量變化較大。 葡萄糖在生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域具有重要地位，是活細(xì)胞的能量來(lái)源和新陳代謝中間產(chǎn)物是生物體內(nèi)新陳代謝不可缺少的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，即生物的主要供能物質(zhì)。在糖果制造業(yè)和醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域有著廣泛應(yīng)用。工業(yè)上還大量用葡萄糖為原料合成維生素 C(抗壞血酸）。 蒸發(fā)概念：含不揮發(fā)性溶質(zhì)的溶液在沸騰條件下受熱，使部分溶劑汽化為蒸汽的操作，即濃縮溶液的單元操作。 蒸發(fā)在葡萄糖生產(chǎn)上也是一個(gè)重要工序，淀粉經(jīng)糖化中和和過濾出來(lái)的液體河北工業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 2 雖然是很透明的糖液，但它的濃度是十分稀淡的。因此用蒸發(fā)的方法蒸出大量水分。對(duì)于大多數(shù)無(wú)特殊要求的溶液，采用常壓、加壓或減壓操作均可。 葡萄糖稀溶液的蒸發(fā)，不宜采用常壓蒸發(fā)，因?yàn)檫@樣雖然能蒸去水分，但糖液繼續(xù)在 100℃濃縮，將增加糖液的色澤，而且會(huì)使糖液破壞。 真空蒸發(fā)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是： ①溶液沸點(diǎn)降低，在加熱蒸汽溫度一定的條件下，蒸發(fā)器傳熱 的均溫度差增 大，于是傳熱面積減小 ②由于溶液沸點(diǎn)降低，可以利用低壓蒸汽或廢熱蒸汽作為加熱蒸汽 ③溶液沸點(diǎn)低，可防止熱敏性物料的變性或分解 ④由于溫度低，系統(tǒng)的熱損