【正文】 of posttraumatic stress disorder. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people—perhaps even the majority—life ultimately bees richer and more gratifying.她這種不可思議的經(jīng)歷完全是個(gè)驚喜。她說，毫無疑問她現(xiàn)在的生活狀況有了好轉(zhuǎn)。re here: to be happy and to nurture other life. It39。”Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. she says there39。“我感到一切我曾經(jīng)用來認(rèn)同 自己身份的東西都被剝奪了，”六個(gè)月后她這樣說道，“一切我認(rèn)為我知道或相信的事物—時(shí)間、金錢、自我形象、對(duì)事物的看法—都毫無價(jià)值了。d known or believed in was useless—time, money, selfimage, perceptions. Recognizing that was so freeing.然而，在經(jīng)歷了若干個(gè)不眠之夜后，她想自殺的念頭開始被新的感激之情所打斷。As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, bined with an allenpassing feeling of sympathy and passion. I felt stripped of everything I39。但是這一次，她實(shí)在不堪忍受了，她的醫(yī)生所做的一切似乎都不起作用。d have to kill herself.塞爾并不是懦弱的人。Cyr is no wimp—diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 2, she39。最輕微的動(dòng)作—比如說試著吞咽—對(duì)她來說也痛苦不堪。就在幾個(gè)月前，她已經(jīng)停止服用控制她關(guān)節(jié)炎的強(qiáng)效免疫抑制藥。(此文來自袁勇兵博客)我們也需要成長盡管有時(shí)成長是痛苦的?！贝缺?、智慧、無私、.洞察力及創(chuàng)造力—有時(shí)只有經(jīng)歷逆境的考驗(yàn)才能培育這些品質(zhì)，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)只有極端的情形才能迫使我們?nèi)コ惺芡纯嗟母淖冞^程。它主要受愉悅情感的支配，但同時(shí)也夾雜著惆悵和悔恨。事實(shí)證明，一些遭受苦難最多的人他們被迫全力應(yīng)付他們未曾預(yù)料到的打擊，并重新思考他們生活的意義—或許對(duì)那種深刻的、給人以強(qiáng)烈滿足感的人生經(jīng)歷(哲學(xué)家們過去稱之為對(duì)“美好生活”的探尋)最有發(fā)言權(quán)。This anodyne definition of wellbeing leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that es from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of happiness, the ineffable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for the good life.這種對(duì)幸福的平淡定義忽略了問題的主要方面—種富有意義的生活所帶來的那種豐富、完整的愉悅。Those who weather adversity well are living proof of one of the paradoxes of happiness: We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss—a life protected from bad feelings, free from pain and confusion.那些經(jīng)受住苦難打擊的人是有關(guān)幸福悖論的生動(dòng)例證:為了盡可能地過上最好的生活，我們所需要的不僅僅是愉悅的感受。在遭遇了即使最可怕的經(jīng)歷之后，也只有一小部分成年人會(huì)受到長期的心理折磨。這一新興領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)證實(shí)了曾經(jīng)被視為陳詞濫調(diào)的一個(gè)真理:大難不死，意志彌堅(jiān)。This and other promising findings about the lifechanging effects of crises are the province of the new science of posttraumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn39。對(duì)那些令人極度恐慌的經(jīng)歷作出 積極回應(yīng)的并不僅限于最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)或最勇敢的人。他們可能都會(huì)這樣說:“我希望這事沒發(fā)生，但因?yàn)樗易兊酶昝懒恕 a better person for it.颶風(fēng)、房屋失火、癌癥、激流漂筏失事、墜機(jī)、昏暗小巷遭歹徒襲擊，沒人想找上這些事兒。The Hidden Side of HappinessHurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: I wish it hadn39。t happened, but I39。但出人意料的是，很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)遭受這樣一次痛苦的磨難最終會(huì)使他們向好的方面轉(zhuǎn)變。”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There is a builtin human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.我們都愛聽人們經(jīng)歷苦難后發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的故事，可能是因?yàn)檫@些故事證實(shí)了一條真正的心理學(xué)上的真理，這條真理有時(shí)會(huì)湮沒在無數(shù)關(guān)于災(zāi)難的報(bào)道中:在最困難的境況中，人所具有的一種內(nèi)在的奮發(fā)向上的能力會(huì)進(jìn)發(fā)出來。實(shí)際上，大約半數(shù)與逆境抗?fàn)庍^的人都說他們的生活從此在某些方面有了改善。t kill you can actually make you stronger. Posttraumatic stress is far from the only possible oute. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults bee chronically troubled. More monly, people rebound—or even eventually thrive.諸如此類有關(guān)危機(jī)改變一生的發(fā)現(xiàn)有著可觀的研究前景，這正是創(chuàng)傷后成長這一新學(xué)科的研究領(lǐng)域。創(chuàng)傷后壓力絕不是唯一可能的結(jié)果。更常見的情況是，人們會(huì)恢復(fù)過來—甚至最終會(huì)成功發(fā)達(dá)。我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的人對(duì)幸福的追求已經(jīng)縮小到只追求福氣:一生沒有煩惱，沒有痛苦和困惑。那就是幸福背后隱藏的那種本質(zhì)—是我們?cè)诿髦堑哪心信砩纤蕾p到并渴望在我們自己生活中培育的那種不可言喻的品質(zhì)。This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia and regret. Happiness is only one among many values in human life, contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not enough. We also need to grow—and sometimes growing hurts.這種對(duì)美好生活的更為廣泛的定義把深深的滿足感和一種通過移情與他人建立的深切聯(lián)系融合在一起。密蘇里大學(xué)哥倫比亞分校的心理學(xué)家勞拉 金認(rèn)為:“幸福僅僅是許許多多人生價(jià)值中的一種。只過安寧的、無憂無慮的生活是不足以體驗(yàn)一段完整的人生的。 In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31yearold fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immunesuppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement—trying to swallow, for example—was excruciating. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.在紐約市皇后區(qū)一間漆黑的房間里，31歲的時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師特蕾西 塞爾感到自己奄奄一息。她從沒預(yù)見到接下來將要發(fā)生的事:停藥之后的反應(yīng)最終使她全身劇烈疼痛，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題。甚至將臉壓在枕頭上也幾乎難以忍受。d endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she39。她在兩歲時(shí)就被診斷得了幼年型類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎，一生都在忍 受著病癥和治療(藥物、手術(shù))的折磨。要么讓疾病結(jié)束她的生命，要么她就得很快了結(jié)自己的生命了。d ever identified myself with, she