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馳。溫室氣體的大量排放導(dǎo)致全球氣溫上升,恒河 20 年后或干枯、圖瓦盧 50 年后沉入海底、馬爾代夫沉沒(méi)進(jìn)入百年倒計(jì)時(shí)……這并不是預(yù)言家有意制造的聳人聽(tīng)聞的無(wú)聊預(yù)測(cè),而是科學(xué)家在考慮溫室氣體排放后給地球開(kāi)出的診斷書(shū),氣候變化已經(jīng)使“拯救地球”的行動(dòng)刻不容緩。隨著工業(yè)化和城市化的推進(jìn),汽車(chē)廢氣排放及對(duì)石油資源的過(guò)度消耗所引發(fā)的環(huán)境、能源問(wèn)題也日益嚴(yán)重,已經(jīng)引起了世界各國(guó)的普遍重視。using highperformance integrated circuit IR2130 driver to drive MOFSET fullbridge inverter circuit prising。 speed control system designed for current, velocity, doubleloop control to ensure the accuracy and speed of response speed, and PI was used in the software algorithm to achieve 。關(guān)鍵詞:稀土無(wú)刷直流電機(jī) AVR 控制系統(tǒng) PWMAbstractWith the development of social civilization and scientific progress, human material and cultural living standards and environmental protection, energy, awareness of the munity calling for a pollutionfree, low noise, simple operation, the speed of personal transportation affordable means of transport As an ideal green means of transport, electric bicycle brings the gospel Taking into account China39。其次,根據(jù) AVR 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn)詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的控制策略:將電流檢測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)成分流電阻間接測(cè)流;將調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為電流、速度雙閉環(huán)控制,以保證調(diào)速的精度和響應(yīng)速度,并在軟件中分別用 PI 算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn);制定了電機(jī)“軟起動(dòng)”控制方案;采用了高性能的驅(qū)動(dòng)集成電路 IR2130 來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng) MOFSET 組成的全橋逆變電路;將 PWM 波的發(fā)生及系統(tǒng)保護(hù)等功能采用主控芯片集中處理,增加了系統(tǒng)的可靠性??紤]到我國(guó)目前的國(guó)情,電動(dòng)自行車(chē)將迅速得到普及。摘 要 隨著社會(huì)文明的發(fā)展,科學(xué)的進(jìn)步,人類(lèi)物質(zhì)文化生活水平的提高和環(huán)保、能源意識(shí)的增強(qiáng),社會(huì)呼喚著一種無(wú)污染、噪聲低、操作簡(jiǎn)單、速度適中的個(gè)人交通代步工具。電動(dòng)自行車(chē)作為一種理想的“綠色”代步工具,為人們帶來(lái)了福音。本課題采用 ATMEL 公司 AVR 系列單片機(jī) ATmgea16 作為控制芯片,兼顧成本與性能要求,做了以下方面的工作:首先,綜述了電動(dòng)自行車(chē)和稀土無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,基于其應(yīng)用的特點(diǎn),對(duì)電機(jī)的類(lèi)型、控制策略、功率變換器與控制核心進(jìn)行了綜合的考慮,提出了適合此情況的稀土無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)方案。最后,依據(jù)控制策略設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)軟、硬件。s current situation, the electric bike will soon be universal.The issue uses AVR MCU ATmgea16 of ATMEL Company as the controller, taking into account of the cost and performance requirements, doing the following work:First reviewing the electric bicycle and rare earth brushless DC motor development at home and abroad, basing on the characteristics of its application, taking into a prehensive account the type of motor, control strategy, power converter and the control of the core A drive system solutions is proposed for this situation rare earth brushless DC motor.Secondly, according to the characteristics of AVR microcontroller,I designed the system control strategy detailed: current detection shunt resistor designed to indirectly measure the flow。developing a motor soft start control scheme 。 the PWM wave occurrence and system protection features such as centralized control chip used to increase thesystem reliability.Finally, designing the software and hardware of the system based on the control strategy.Keywords: Rare Earth BrushlessDCmotor AVR Control System PWM目 錄第 1 章 緒 論 .................................................... 1 課題的研究背景與發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ................................... 1 電動(dòng)車(chē)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ........................................... 2 電動(dòng)車(chē)的種類(lèi) ........................................... 2 電動(dòng)自行車(chē)的發(fā)展前景 ................................... 3 電動(dòng)自行車(chē)主要部件的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ............................... 4 電動(dòng)自行車(chē)電機(jī)的發(fā)展 ................................... 5 電機(jī)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ..................................... 6 電池技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ......................................... 7 第 2 章 關(guān)鍵部分特性分析 .......................................... 9 稀土永磁無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理 ................... 9 直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)的原理框圖 ............................... 9 電機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性分析 ........................................ 14 起動(dòng)特性 .............................................. 15 電動(dòng)運(yùn)行特性 .......................................... 15 制動(dòng)特性 .............................................. 17 機(jī)械特性和調(diào)速特性分析 ................................ 18 控制系統(tǒng)的整體構(gòu)成 ........................................ 19 位置檢測(cè)信號(hào)處理單元 ...................................... 21 電流檢測(cè)信號(hào)處理單元 ...................................... 21 電機(jī)調(diào)速方案 .............................................. 22 驅(qū)動(dòng)、逆變電路控制方案 .................................... 25 故障檢測(cè)與系統(tǒng)保護(hù) ........................................ 26 核心控制期間的選擇 ........................................ 27 本章小結(jié) ................................................. 28 第 3 章 硬件系統(tǒng)概述 ............................................. 29 控制系統(tǒng)組成 .............................................. 29 核心為處理器 ATmega16.................................. 30 控制電源電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 32 信號(hào)檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 32 三相全橋逆變電路及其功率驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì) .................... 34 PWM 波的控制單元 ....................................... 37 速度給定環(huán)節(jié) .......................................... 39 電池電壓檢測(cè)單元 ...................................... 40 系統(tǒng)硬件可靠性設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 40 電源與集成芯片去耦 .................................... 40 電磁兼容設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 41 本章小結(jié) .................................................. 41 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 42 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)概述 .......................................... 42 主程序的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 43 各功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)思想 ...................................... 45 位置檢測(cè)模塊 .......................................... 45 幻想控制模塊 .......................................... 45 A/D 采樣模塊 ........................................... 47 雙閉環(huán)控制模塊 ........................................ 48 軟件的可靠性設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 51 采用模塊化程序設(shè)計(jì)方法 ................................ 51 合理安排中斷 .......................................... 51 程序“跑飛”與“死鎖”的解脫 .......................... 52 本章小結(jié) .............................................. 52 總 結(jié) ........................................................... 53 致 謝 ........................................................... 54 參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................... 55 附錄 1:電動(dòng)自行車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)原理圖 ................................. 57 第 1 章 緒 論 課題的研究背景與發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 二十一世紀(jì)是“綠色環(huán)?!钡氖兰o(jì),環(huán)境保護(hù)和能源節(jié)約問(wèn)題已成為新世紀(jì)最為突出的兩大主題,而汽車(chē)行業(yè)與這兩大主題都息息相關(guān),