【正文】
若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”,是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作,即動作有先后關(guān)系,動作在前的用過去完成時,在后的用一般過去時。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o39。t)+been+過去分詞二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來,各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the position by 10 :00 this morning. ?、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+had+過去分詞. ?、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z+had+not+過去分詞. ③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+had 否定回答:No,主語+hadn39。.. . . ..過去完成時一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點 概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作,即“過去的過去( pastinthepast )”。| ||那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成:主語+had+過去分詞(),其中 had 通用于各種人稱。t ④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞)? ⑤被動語態(tài):主語+had(hadn39。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有: ( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在: ( 1 )賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時,且從句的動作先于主句的動作時,從句要用過去完成時。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動作在前的,要用過去完成時,動作在后的要用一般過去時。如: Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. ( 3 )表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示原本…,未能… We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn39。如: When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時,雨已經(jīng)停了。如: He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用,它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。如:Before she came to