【正文】 2. 在保證電力系統(tǒng)一定的自然壟斷特性條件下，引進競爭機制，實施電力市場化營運，強化 環(huán) 境保 護意識與提高信息管理水平已經(jīng)勢在必行。另一方面，各種復雜的、精密的、對電能質(zhì)量敏感的用電設備不斷普及，人們對 電能質(zhì)量及可靠性的要求越來越高上述問題的矛盾越來越突出，這使得電能質(zhì)量問題對電網(wǎng)和配電系統(tǒng)造成的直接危害和可能對人類生活和生產(chǎn)造成的損失也越來越大，電能質(zhì)量直接關系到國民經(jīng)濟的總體效益，電力部門不但要提高電能質(zhì)量滿足用戶的需要，還要加強電能質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理 [4]。 緒論 1 研究背景和研究意義 隨著現(xiàn)代科學技術的發(fā)展，一方面，造成電能質(zhì)量 [13]問題的因素不斷增長，如以電力電子裝置為代表的非線性負荷的使用、各種大型用電設備的啟停等，使電網(wǎng)中的諧波污染、三相電壓的不對稱性以及電壓波動和閃變?nèi)遮厙乐赝瑫r，由于上述負荷的存在，使得電力系統(tǒng)中的供電電壓即便是正弦波形，其電流波形也將偏離正弦波形而發(fā)生畸變。mlcAv,fPb20*jZTxMI:EYB()language are introduced, discussed total software structure, the measurement of power quality parameters of each module are detailed instructions on implementation, and performs analysis of power quality parameters measurement results. This testing system has many characteristics, such as good expansibility, strong reusability, and it can dramatically improve the automation of power quality testing. For this reason, it will be a trend that using Virtual Instrument to studying, designing and testing in test area of power system. At last, the shortage and some aspects needed improving of the system are given. The outlook of future research is put forward, too. Key words： Virtual instrument, Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench, Power quality， Voltage fluctuation, threephase unbalance, harmonic 緒論 目錄 ...................................................... 1 研究背景和研究意義 .................................... 1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展 .................................. 2 電能質(zhì)量標準 .................................... 2 電能質(zhì)量研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展 .......................... 3 虛擬儀器概述 .......................................... 4 虛擬儀器技術用于電能質(zhì)量測試的必要性 .................. 6 本文的主要工作 ........................................ 6 2 測量原理及系統(tǒng)的總體設計 ............................... 8 電能質(zhì)量基本概念 ...................................... 8 電能質(zhì)量分類 .......................................... 8 電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測量原理 .................................. 9 電壓偏差 ......................................... 9 三相不平衡度 ................................... 10 諧波 ............................................ 12 電壓波動 ....................................... 14 頻率偏差 ........................................ 14 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................... 15 .......................................... 17 電壓電流傳感器 ....................................... 17 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 ........................................... 18 .......................................... 19 虛擬儀器開發(fā)工具 Labview 介紹 ......................... 19 系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................... 20 電能質(zhì)量測量模塊 ..................................... 21 基本參數(shù)測量模塊 ................................ 21 電壓偏差測量模塊 ................................ 21 三相不平衡度測量模塊 ............................ 22 諧波 測量模塊 .................................... 22 電壓波動測量模塊 ................................ 23 頻率偏差測量模塊 ................................ 24 三相頻譜測量模塊 ............................... 24 Opinos adugethry39。 關鍵詞 ：虛擬儀器， Labview,電能質(zhì)量，電壓波動，三相不平衡度，諧波 Opinos adugethry39。因此 ,使用虛擬儀器進行研究、設計、測試將成為電力系統(tǒng)測試領域的一種趨勢。軟件實現(xiàn)方面，首先對虛擬儀器開發(fā)平臺 Labview 及其編程語 言作了簡要介紹，然后詳細論述了軟件總體結(jié)構(gòu)，對電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測量的各個模塊的實現(xiàn)作了詳細的說明，并對電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)的測量的結(jié)果進行了分析。論文首先簡要地介紹了虛擬儀器的概念及構(gòu)成，針對電能質(zhì)量檢測的研究現(xiàn)狀，論述了將虛擬儀器技術應用于電能質(zhì)量檢測的必要性，介紹了系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。 因此，本論文通過分析國內(nèi)外電能質(zhì)量測試裝置的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，針對目前 電能質(zhì)量測試過程中所遇到的問題，研究開發(fā)出一種基于虛擬儀器的穩(wěn)態(tài)電能質(zhì)量分析與檢測系統(tǒng)。近年來，隨著電子技術和計算機技術的飛速發(fā)展，新的測試理論和方法、新的儀器結(jié)構(gòu)不斷出現(xiàn)，測量儀器的功能和使用發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化 ,其中最顯著的一點就是虛擬儀器的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展。Opinos adugethry39。mlcAv,fPb20*jZTxMI:EYB()摘要 傳統(tǒng)的電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測量系統(tǒng)以硬件為核心，功能單一、成本高，已經(jīng)無法滿足日益復雜的、多參數(shù)的測試要求。虛擬儀器是計算機技術與測試測量儀器技術相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，具有硬件結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、可自定義儀器功能、數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析功能強大的優(yōu)點，同時可以實現(xiàn)歷史數(shù)據(jù)管理和圖形化顯示等功能 。該系統(tǒng)能夠準確檢測出電網(wǎng)頻率、頻率偏差、電壓偏差、三相不平衡度、電壓波動、電網(wǎng)諧波等電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)，并對其進行實時分析，將分析結(jié)果實時的顯示出來。其次，論文介紹了電能質(zhì)量參數(shù)測量原理，對檢測系統(tǒng)的設計及檢測作了詳細的闡述。 該測試系統(tǒng)具有擴展性和復用性強的特點，可以顯著提高電能質(zhì)量測試的自動化程度。最后，就本系統(tǒng)在研究中存在的不足和需要完善的地方做了總結(jié)，指出課題的進一步研究工作。mlcAv,fPb20*jZTxMI:EYB()Abstract The traditional Power parameters measuring system mainly based on hardware is singlefunction and highbudget, so it is unsuitable gradually for plicated and multiparameter test. Recent years, with rapid progress of electronic technology and puter technology, new testing theory and method, new instrument structure is appearing. Function and application of measuring instruments has changed a lot. One marked characteristic is appearance and development of Virtual Instrument with the advantage of simple hardware structure, userdefined, powerful data processing and analysis function. Besides, Virtual Instrument can achieve the function of history data management and graphical representation. Therefore, by analyzing the status of power quality testing set home and abroad, in connection with the problems being filled across during testing of power quality, a power quality testing system based on Virtual Instrument is studied and exploited in this thesis. The testing system can measure power quality parameter, such as frequency, frequency deviation, voltage deviation, and threephase degree of unbalance, voltage hunting and harmonic. These parameters also can be analyzed realtime and be displayed in real time. Firstly， basic conception and structure development of Virtual Instrument are introduced generally， with study state of Virtual Instrument and power quality testing, the necessity that makes Virtual Instrument technology apply to power quality testing is exposited. Then, gross structures of the testing system are introduced. Secondly, the measurement principle of power quality parameters are introduced, the detection system design and testing were described in detail. In software part, development platform Labview and programming 摘要 Opinos adugethry39。mlcAv,fPb20*jZTxMI:EYB()5 仿真結(jié)果及分析 .......................................... 26 基本