【正文】 大西洋暖流經(jīng)不列顛群島西海岸，使氣候變暖。環(huán)繞四周的海水。全年有穩(wěn)定可靠的降雨量，氣溫變化幅度小。IV. Climate 氣候 1. Britain39。River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.克萊德河是蘇格蘭最重要的河流。Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres).訥湖（內(nèi)伊湖）是英國(guó)最大的湖，位于北愛(ài)爾蘭。Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).泰晤士河是英國(guó)第二大河，也是英國(guó)最重要的河。Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).塞文河是英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流。 and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.英國(guó)的西部和北部主要是高地，東部和東南部主要是低地。南面的英吉利海峽和東面的北海將它與歐洲其它部分隔開(kāi)。 II. Geographical Features 英國(guó)的地理特征 position of Britain:英國(guó)的地理位置:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英國(guó)是一個(gè)島國(guó)。 Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英聯(lián)邦是曾為英國(guó)殖民地的、但現(xiàn)已獨(dú)立國(guó)家所構(gòu)成的自由聯(lián)合體。首府:加的夫(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北愛(ài)爾蘭是英國(guó)第四個(gè)區(qū)域。首府:愛(ài)丁堡。 the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh蘇格蘭位于大不列顛的北部。(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north。 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列顛島上有三個(gè)政治區(qū):英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。 name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名稱:大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。黨員必須在行動(dòng)上服從，決不允許公開(kāi)發(fā)表同中央的決定相反的言論，決不允許散布同黨的路線方針政策相反的意見(jiàn)，決不允許制造、傳播政治謠言，決不允許有令不行，有禁不止，搞“上有政策，下有對(duì)策”。政治紀(jì)律遵守不好，其他方面的紀(jì)律也遵守不好。全體黨員干部都要嚴(yán)格遵守黨的政治紀(jì)律和組織紀(jì)律。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部只有嚴(yán)于律己，公正嚴(yán)明，職工群眾才能相信組織，好的黨風(fēng)、政風(fēng)、行風(fēng)才能樹(shù)起來(lái)。一是作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部一定要樹(shù)立正確的權(quán)力觀和科學(xué)的發(fā)展觀，權(quán)力必須為職工群眾謀利益，絕不能為個(gè)人或少數(shù)人謀取私利。要立志做大事，把心思用在工作上，用在干事業(yè)上，用在為職工群眾謀利益上。三是帶頭遵守黨的政治紀(jì)律。政治紀(jì)律是根本的紀(jì)律。講政治紀(jì)律，就是要堅(jiān)持黨的基本理論、基本路線不動(dòng)搖，在政治上同黨中央保持一致，保證中央的政令暢通。Land and People英國(guó)的國(guó)土與人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英國(guó)的不同名稱及其各組成部分 names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名稱:不列顛群島，大不列顛和英格蘭。 British Isles are made up of two large islandsGreat Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列顛群島由兩個(gè)大島—大不列顛島（較大的一個(gè)）和愛(ài)爾蘭島，及成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)小島組成。(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格蘭位于大不列顛島南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地區(qū)。 the Central lowlands。它有三大自然區(qū):北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff威爾士位于大不列顛的西部。首府:貝爾法斯特。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50個(gè)成員國(guó)。它位于大西洋北部，與歐洲大陸的北海岸隔海相望。 north and west of Britain are mainly highlands。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流與湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).本尼維斯山為英國(guó)最高峰，海拔1,343米。全長(zhǎng)338公里。全長(zhǎng)336公里。面積為396平方公里。Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m）斯諾多尼亞是威爾士的最高點(diǎn)，海拔1,085米。s favorable climate 英國(guó)有利的氣候條件:Britain has a maritime climatewinters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. 英國(guó)屬于海洋性氣候:冬季不過(guò)于寒冷，夏季不過(guò)于炎熱。 factors influence the climate in Britain:影響英國(guó)氣候的因素:1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer。冬天，海水可使島內(nèi)氣溫升高，夏天則使氣溫降低，從而起到平衡季節(jié)溫差的作用；2)The prevailing southwest winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate。 降雨量: Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.英國(guó)全年降雨量穩(wěn)定，平均降雨量超過(guò)1000毫米。 origins of the English Parliament 英國(guó)議會(huì)的起源The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.大議會(huì)是當(dāng)今英國(guó)議會(huì)的原型。大議會(huì)發(fā)展到后來(lái)演變成議會(huì)，分為上議院和下議院。議會(huì)的最重要的部分是上議院。The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid19th century and bee the Liberal Party.輝格黨人是指那些