【正文】 you with practice in spelling English 也是放在段落的開頭，直截了當(dāng)?shù)馗嬖V讀者作者的寫作意圖，使讀者對(duì)本段的主題思想有了明確的認(rèn)識(shí)。 請(qǐng)看下面各例： Public opinions on what it takes to succeed in one?s studies or career vary widely. 第 6 頁 共 95 頁 Given approximately equal circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck— being in the right place and the right time. Others speak of utter devotion to work, bined with a degree of ruthlessness. Still others maintain that it is undoubtedly a matter of how much intelligence you have or simply how much education your mother had. In a word, people have different ideas on it. 本段的主題句 Public opinions on what it takes to succeed in one?s studies or career vary ，開門見山地點(diǎn)明主題，使讀者很容易抓住本段的寫作主線：對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)或事業(yè)成功所持的各種不同的觀點(diǎn)和看法。主題句位于段首的情況比較多見。 主題句通常由主題和作者的觀點(diǎn)兩部分組成，作為段落傳遞信息的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，簡明扼要地告訴讀者段落的線索和范圍。 結(jié)構(gòu)完整的段落大多由三部分組成： 一、主題句 主題句是概括段落中心思想，反映作者寫作意圖的一個(gè)概括性的句子，是段落的核心所在。在實(shí)踐中，我們常常碰到各種各樣的段落，有些僅僅充當(dāng)導(dǎo)言或結(jié)束語，有些僅僅起過渡詞作用，這種段落便不可能也不必要包含完整的思想內(nèi)容。因此，段落不能是一組句子的任意堆砌，而是符合一定的模式，具有某些基本特征，遵循一定段落發(fā)展方法的。 One careless move may lose the whole game.——一步不慎，滿盤皆輸。 We are terrified of death. We do not think of it, and we don?t speak of life. We don?t mourn in public. We don?t know how to console a grieving friend. In fact, we have eliminated or suppressed all the traditional rituals surrounding death. 第 5 頁 共 95 頁 The Victorians coped with death differently. Their funerals were elaborate. The yards of black crepe around the hearse, hired professional mourners, and its solemn procession to an ornate tomb is now a distant memory. They wore mourning jewelry. They had a plicated dress code for the grieving process. The rituals severed a psychological purpose in helping the living deal with loss.【友情提示】 句式多樣化是英語作文取得高分的靈丹妙藥，請(qǐng)你一定要勤學(xué)苦練，掌握這一招。 Once a man is dead, he can?t be brought back to life. 再如 The mittee refused to listen to our request. 如果被改成 The mittee turned a deaf ear to our request. 句子生動(dòng)，增加了文采。這里雖然用了比喻，但更改了原來的主語，句子顯得羅嗦、笨拙。如： Once a man is dead, there is no helping。 適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┬揶o手法如比喻、夸張、排比、擬人等能更形象、更深刻地說明事理，增加文章的活力。 在考慮英語句式的變化時(shí) , 我們一般從以下幾個(gè)方面入手 : (1) 既可以用主動(dòng)式也可以用被動(dòng)式 , 例如 : 例 1： Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well. Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well. 第 3 頁 共 95 頁 例 2： Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace pletely in the future. It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace pletely in the future. (2) 既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式 , 例如 : 例 1： I shall go there unless it rains. I shall go there if it doesn39。為了使文字更為生動(dòng)，意義更加明確，可做如下改動(dòng)： When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn?t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me. 要達(dá)到語言的 生動(dòng)性，寫作時(shí)就要經(jīng)常地變換句型和句子結(jié)構(gòu)及表達(dá)思想的方式。 I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadn39。在寫作中應(yīng)當(dāng)交錯(cuò)使用長句和短句，使句子的長短多樣化，增加語言的表現(xiàn)力。長句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、容量大，能表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，敘事具體、說理嚴(yán)密。平淡無味的句子會(huì)使人生厭，注意力分散。但第 2 頁 共 95 頁 是，無目的地重復(fù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致笨拙。過多地使用從句會(huì)把次要的與主要的概念混為一談，削弱句子的重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)看下面各例： 1） Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do, it wasn?t possible for me to accept their invitation. 本句要表達(dá)的意思很簡單，可是一堆空洞的短語使句子顯得很累贅，改為下面的句子就簡潔明了多了。 寫作要求精練，因?yàn)?，簡潔的表達(dá)能起到更加強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。然而一個(gè)好的句子除了能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的意思，還需要簡潔生動(dòng)，這是在考試中獲得高分的法寶。第 1 頁 共 95 頁 2020 高考 英語 寫作輔導(dǎo)十六 天 第 一 天：造句的兩大技巧 【芝麻開門】 句子是文章的基本單位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎語法規(guī)則的句子組成的。 一、句子要簡潔 A hero is nothing but a product of his time. 時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄。我們要寫出效果好、影響大的文章，就要想方設(shè)法 1）避免使用空洞、多余的短語； 2）避免過多地使用較長的句子結(jié)構(gòu)， 如并列句和從屬句等； 3）避免不必要的重復(fù)。 I was too busy to accept their invitation. 2) He is a man who is honest, who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others. 英語中比較重要的從屬概念可用從句的形式表達(dá)，其它次要的概念常用詞或短語來表達(dá)，因?yàn)榫渥颖榷陶Z顯得更重要。該句可改為： He is an honest man who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others. 3) My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there. 有時(shí)為了構(gòu)成平行的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的，我們會(huì)重復(fù)使用某些詞語。所以本句可改為： My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place because of the small number of people. 二、語言要生動(dòng) 寫作時(shí)要吸引讀者的興趣，句子就需生動(dòng)、充滿活力。但要寫出生動(dòng)的句子就必須注意做到： 長句和短句各有各的特點(diǎn)，各有各的用場(chǎng)。短句結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、短小精悍、明白易懂。請(qǐng)看下面的一段話： It is better to trust to valour than to luck. 靠運(yùn)氣不如靠勇氣。t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me. 這里出現(xiàn)的是一連串的短句，讀起來使人感到單調(diào)乏味，而且各 句之間所固有的邏輯關(guān)系沒能用句法手段表達(dá)出來。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章讀起來單調(diào)乏味。t rain. 例 2： Their daily lives don?t provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy. (3) 某些修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面 , 還可以用在中間 , 例如 : 例 1： With a car, people can get around freely. People can get around freely with a car. 例 2： In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of munication. Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of munication. (4) 既可以是正常語序也可以是倒裝語序 , 例如 : 例 1： A new type of TV sets was among the products on display. Among the products on display was a new type of TV sets. 例 1： We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century. Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis. (5) 既可以用簡單句也可以用并列句或者主從復(fù)合句 , 例如 : 例 1： Nowadays a lot of people work in office, spending most of their time indoors. Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors. 例 2： There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world. There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world. 例 3： Doonesbury cartoons satirize contemporar