【正文】 ments for safe operations and do not place any additional responsibilities on employers to be safer than what is required by these standards.然而，如前所述，大多數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和法規(guī)反映了安全操作的最低要求，他們并沒有提出比這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求更能確保安全的有關(guān)雇主責(zé)任的內(nèi)容。4. In fact, the General Duty Clause has been the precursor for many of the regulations that have followed since 1970 and continues to ensure worker safety in the absence of a specific standard for a specific occupational situation.事實(shí)上，一般責(zé)任條款已經(jīng)被1970年以來許多法規(guī)采納而成為母法，它同樣在因缺少特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特定職業(yè)情況下確保工人的安全。2. Although numerous areas are addressed and a minimum level of worker protection is ensured by implementation of these many standards, it is important to note that the major driving factor for worker safety is contained not in the Code of Federal Regulations but in Section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act itself.雖然眾多的領(lǐng)域都強(qiáng)調(diào)并且通過執(zhí)行這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以確保保護(hù)工人最低的安全水平，但值得注意的是：真正推動(dòng)工人安全的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素在于《職業(yè)安全與健康法案》的第五部分而不是在于《聯(lián)邦法規(guī)條例》中所包含的內(nèi)容。15. The satisfaction of knowing that people have been protected because harmful accidents and other incidents have been prevented is just one of the many rewards associated with “what safety professionals do”.當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到人們因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)預(yù)防了事故或事件而使他們得到保護(hù)時(shí)，這種滿足是所謂的“安全專業(yè)人士”得到的諸多獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之一。13. Emergency Response: organizing, training and coordinating skilled employees with regard to auditory and visual munications pertaining to emergencies such as fires, accidents or other disasters.應(yīng)急響應(yīng)：組織、培訓(xùn)和協(xié)調(diào)受訓(xùn)員工應(yīng)對(duì)火災(zāi)、事故或其他災(zāi)害等突發(fā)事件的聽覺和視覺交流。11. To be called professionals, they must acquire the essential knowledge of safety science through education and experience so that others can rely on their judgments and remendations.之所以稱為專業(yè)人士，是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨毻ㄟ^教育和經(jīng)驗(yàn)掌握基本的安全科學(xué)知識(shí)以使其他人可以信賴他們的判斷和建議。9. From the careful design and operation of nuclear power generating stations to the elimination of leadbased paints in homes, the efforts to reduce threats to public safety go on nonstop.從核電站的精心設(shè)計(jì)到家居無鉛材料，人們致力于降低對(duì)公眾威脅的努力從未停止。7. Illness caused by exposing people to harmful biological, physical and chemical agents produce great losses each year and accurate estimates of their impact are hard to make.暴露于有害生物、物理的或化學(xué)起因物所造成的疾病，其產(chǎn)生的損失則更是驚人，其負(fù)面影響已無法精確估算。6. Safety professionals apply principles drawn from such disciplines as engineering, education, psychology, physiology, enforcement, hygiene, health, physics, and management. They use appropriate methods and techniques of loss prevention and loss control. “Safety science” is a twentyfirst century term for everything that goes into the prevention of accidents, illnesses, fires, explosions and other events which harm people, property and the environment.安全專業(yè)人員綜合運(yùn)用工程學(xué)、教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)、生理學(xué)、法律法規(guī)、衛(wèi)生、健康、物理、以及管理學(xué)等學(xué)科的基本原理，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ê图夹g(shù)進(jìn)行損失預(yù)防和控制。此后20年中通過的一些立法，將安全業(yè)務(wù)的范圍擴(kuò)大到了環(huán)境保護(hù)、產(chǎn)品安全、危險(xiǎn)物料管理以及機(jī)動(dòng)車輛、高速公路、加工廠和房屋的安全設(shè)計(jì)等方面。3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the . until after Word War Ⅱ.盡管這些專業(yè)手段在20世紀(jì)已經(jīng)發(fā)展的較為成熟，也具有一定的廣泛適應(yīng)性，但在美國，這些都是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后才取得的突破性進(jìn)展。安全工程專業(yè)英語Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular professionor the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于這些工作和職業(yè)的飛速變更，其變化之快使得學(xué)生們很難了解未來有什么樣的工作機(jī)會(huì)，更不知道為未來的具體職業(yè)生涯做出怎樣的準(zhǔn)備，也就是說學(xué)生們很難知道掌握何種知識(shí)、具備何種能力才能成功適應(yīng)未來的社會(huì)。2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.這篇文章將提供較為深入的安全專業(yè)方面的具體信息，它應(yīng)該能夠?yàn)榘踩珜I(yè)的學(xué)生們?cè)谶@個(gè)充滿挑戰(zhàn)也蘊(yùn)含著發(fā)展機(jī)遇的職業(yè)中獲得良好的發(fā)展而提供幫助。4. This legislation was important because it stressed the control of workplace hazards. This, in turn, defined a clear area of practice for the previously loosely organized safety profession. Other legislation passed during the next twenty years has increased the scope of safety practice into areas of environmental protection, product safety, hazardous materials management and designing safety into vehicles, highways, process plants and buildings.這部法律很重要，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)工作場所的危險(xiǎn)控制，同時(shí)這部法律也為以前不成體系的安全業(yè)務(wù)劃定了工作范圍。5. As a result, the safety profession has respect from other established professions such as engineering, medicine and law(all of which had traditionally been involved in hazard control, but had no special training in it).因此安全專業(yè)受到了其他發(fā)展已經(jīng)較為成熟的工醫(yī)藥及法律這樣的專業(yè)的仰慕，這些專業(yè)的人們過去經(jīng)常涉及危險(xiǎn)控制問題，但是很缺乏專業(yè)化的訓(xùn)練。作為21世紀(jì)術(shù)語，“安全科學(xué)”泛指對(duì)事故、疾病、火災(zāi)、爆炸以及一切危及人們生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)和環(huán)境的事件的預(yù)防。8. Ergonomics helps people understand the performance limits of humans and helps them design tasks, machines, work stations and facilities which improve performance and safety.人機(jī)工程學(xué)有助于人們理解人類自身的局限性，從而致力設(shè)計(jì)能夠有效提高安全性和績效的作業(yè)任務(wù)、設(shè)備、設(shè)施、以及工作站。10. The application of safety science principles occurs in many places: in the workplace, in all modes of transportation, in laboratories, schools, and hospitals, at construction sites, on oil drilling rigs at sea, in underground mines, in the busiest cities, in the space program, on farms, and anywhere else where people may be exposed to hazards.安全科學(xué)原理在人們可能暴露危險(xiǎn)的工作場所、交通場所、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、建筑工地、海上石油鉆井、地下開采、都市、太空探索、農(nóng)場等得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。12. Regardless of the industry, safety professionals help to achieve safety in the workplace by identifying and analyzing hazards which potentially create injury and illness problems, developing and applying hazard controls, municating safety and health information, measuring