材料成型級(jí)控制工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀-展示頁(yè)
2025-04-13 01:16本頁(yè)面
【正文】 excellent electrical conductivity makes copper alloys the leading material for electrical wiring. Their excellent thermal conductivity leads to applications for radiators and heat exchangers. Superior corrosion resistance is exhibited in marine and other corrosion environments. 銅合金也擁有許多優(yōu)良的性能。與鎂合金一樣，鈦合金也是Hcp晶格結(jié)構(gòu)，延展性低。與Al、Mg一樣，鈦合金密度比鐵低。其表面形成致密的氧化膜，使其就有優(yōu)良的抗腐蝕性。Titanium alloys have bee widely used since World WarⅡ．Before that time，a practical method of separating titanium metal from reactive oxides and nitrites was not available. Once formed, titanium’s reactivity works to its advantage．A thin tenacious oxide coating forms on its surface, giving excellent resistance to corrosion. This “passivation” will be discussed in detail later. Titanium alloys，like Al and Mg，are of lower density than ion. Although more dense than Al or Mg，titanium alloys have a distinct advantage of retaining strength at moderate service temperatures, leading to numerous aerospace design applications. Titanium shares the hcp structure with magnesium leading to characteristically low ductility. However，a high temperature bcc structure can be stabilized at room temperature by certain alloy additions such as vanadium.二戰(zhàn)以后鈦合金被廣泛應(yīng)用，在此之前，還沒(méi)有通過(guò)活性氧和硝酸鹽分離鈦金屬的工藝。鋁合金是面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)金屬，因此，有12個(gè)滑移系，使其延展性好。鋁礦石的產(chǎn)量很大（占地殼的8％），并且鋁是可以回收的。電導(dǎo)率、易加工以及好的外觀也是其具有吸引力的特征。我們將簡(jiǎn)要介紹幾種非鐵合金及其主要特征。 AlloysAlthough ferrous alloys ale used in the majority of metallic applications in current engineering designs，non—ferrous alloys play a large and indispensable role in our technology. As pared to ferrous alloys，the list of non—ferrous alloys is，of course，long and plex．We shall briefly list the major families of non—ferrous alloys and their key attributes．盡管現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，鐵合金是主要應(yīng)用的金屬，但是非鐵合金在當(dāng)前科技中也起著很大并不可替代的作用。硫、磷是鋼中有害的雜質(zhì)，應(yīng)盡可能減少其含量，它們會(huì)影響鋼的質(zhì)量。一些合金元素偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)，其含量受限制。這種情況下，供給用戶的鋼應(yīng)具有規(guī)定的成分和機(jī)械性能。C: If a steel is to be welded．the user wants to know the position of the steel．since it determines the properties of the metal in the zone subjected to thermal effect of weld（焊接熱影響區(qū)）．The user is also interested in the initial mechanical properties of the metal，since these properties will remain the same in portions not subjected to welding．In that case the metal is delivered with warranted position and mechanical properties.C．如果鋼要進(jìn)行焊接，則用戶需要知道鋼的成分，因?yàn)槌煞譀Q定鋼焊接時(shí)熱影響區(qū)的性能。此時(shí)/在這種情況下，鋼的成分對(duì)用戶來(lái)講是最重要的，因?yàn)樗?成分)決定了熱加工的條件，鋼制品的最終機(jī)械性能。這種情況下，用戶只需要求材料應(yīng)有的機(jī)械性能，而不必保證其成分。 In the RSSU．Plain carbon steels are classified into three groups：A, B and C，depending on their application. 在RSSU中，普通碳鋼根據(jù)其用途分為A、B、C三類。材料成型級(jí)控制工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)閱讀 Plain Carbon Steel 普通碳鋼Hotrolled steel delivered （供給）by steelmaking works as rolled sections(bars, beams，sheets．tubes，etc) is the most wildly used material for manufacture of various machines，machine tools, building structures，consumer goods，etc．Delivered steel should have the properties as specified by State Standards（國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）．鋼鐵制造車間供給的熱軋鋼主要為棒材、柱材、板材、管材等，熱軋鋼是制造各種機(jī)械、機(jī)器工具、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)品中應(yīng)用最廣泛的材料。所供給的鋼應(yīng)具有國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的各種性能。A: If a steel is to be used for making products without hot working (welding, Forging．Etc.). Its structure and properties in the final product will be the same as delivered from the rolling mill．In that case the user requests for a steel of warranted（保證） mechanical properties，while the chemical position is not guaranteed（保證、擔(dān)保）．A:如果鋼在制造產(chǎn)品的過(guò)程中沒(méi)有進(jìn)行熱加工（焊接、鍛造等），則最終產(chǎn)品的組織和性能將與軋廠提供的相同。B: If a steel is to be subjected to hot working(forging，stamping，etc)，its initial structure and mechanical properties will be that case the position of the steel will be of prime importance for the user，since it determines the conditions of hot working and the final mechanical properties
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