【正文】 you could help me. 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? 3 used to / be used to used to + do：過去常常表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) 注意： 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。 Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義：她已不在人間。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 I39。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示39。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到??時(shí)間了 該??了 It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了 早該??了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening?) last night (week, month, year?), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago? just now,等。如：He doesn’t swim well. 一般疑問句：Does +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它如：Does he swim well?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn39。t. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句? 如： What do you often do after school ? 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does 肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Where is my bike?行為動(dòng)詞的變化 當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do 肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。 如：Are you a student? Yes. I am. / No, I39。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。 如： I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。 再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 I don39。 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)全套精講及練習(xí)題.1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。 時(shí)間狀語： every?, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at?, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He watches Tv once a week . 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　?例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。 二. 構(gòu)成及變化 be動(dòng)詞的變化 肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。 否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。m not. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。 如： We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主語+ don39。 如：we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑問句：Do +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它? 如：Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don39。如： He swims well. 否定句：主語+ doesn’’’t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。t. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句? 如： How does your father go to work? 三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式) (1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs??. (2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries 但在y前如果為元音則直接加s: buys says 2 一般過去時(shí)的用法 1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。寧愿某人做某事39。d rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。 比較：一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 1） 動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。 Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. (過去常常散步) be used to + doing： 對(duì)??已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。s 69568442. A. didn39。t C. don39。t 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。(was not= wasn’t) are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式 .I watched a film last Sunday . 否定句 ： 主語+ didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形. I didn’t watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑問句Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t . 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 以did 開頭的一般疑問句 ? What did you do last Sunday ? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。We are waiting for you. b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。s getting warmer and warmer. d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。t find B. is missing, don39。t found D. is missing, haven39。 五、 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help. He loves her very much. 3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, plete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系動(dòng)詞 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, bee, turn You seem a little tired. 4 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）概念：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。同 時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. →He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday. →Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.) →What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday? 二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法： 1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。 ①What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？ ②I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。 。 （1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那幾天他正在寫一本書 forever， continually， constantly等連用時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛等情緒。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語中。 ②She asked him if he was ing back for lunch. 她問他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。 （1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。 ① I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我寫了一封信。（信不一定寫完） ②