【正文】 甚感突兀的陌生感 ； 親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化與疏遠(yuǎn) ， 這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個(gè)人打招呼， 結(jié)果卻從這個(gè)人漠無表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)現(xiàn) ， 我們原來竟將一個(gè)陌生人誤認(rèn)為我們的熟人。 8.He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country ：此句帶有 3 個(gè)定語從句，根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)將 country 作為句子的主語部分，句子的主語變?yōu)橹^語部分，因此用句子成分轉(zhuǎn)譯法，即“ 他所看的那個(gè)國家 ， 從某些重要的意義上來說 ， 脫胎于他自己的國家 ， 并在某些方面與他自己的國家相差無幾 —— 然而 ， 它卻實(shí)實(shí)在在是一個(gè)異邦。liable to perplex ：容易使 … 困惑不解。At any given moment ： given 一詞可以不翻，將此短語直接譯為“任何時(shí)候”。keet step ：指“步伐一致，協(xié)調(diào)一致” 。 insular 意為超然物外的，孤立的，此處譯為“孤陋寡聞”。But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals ： But then 表示語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折，這類詞語很難處理，翻譯時(shí)要格外小心，如果沒有非常大的把握，寧可不譯。這兩種做法同樣的不幸。 2.【翻譯要點(diǎn)評析】 1.用詞正式，句法簡單，同時(shí)又口語感很強(qiáng)，讀起來朗朗上口。 how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert（斷言、聲稱）that it is pletely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step（同步）. At any given moment（在任何時(shí)候） the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification（限制、限定、資格） to precede（領(lǐng)先、超前） the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree（唯一只是在程度上）, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence（分歧、差異） is a subtle （微妙的）affair, liable（有可能的） to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses （重要的感覺）grew out of his own, which in several ways（在有些方面）still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings（重疊） and abrupt unfamiliarities。1998年:在歐洲，人們通過音樂、美術(shù)、文學(xué)和戲劇等杰作的成就形式實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一愿望。但是，即使在史前的穴居時(shí)代，人們伸出手來，也不僅僅是為了吃喝，或者是單純地為了搏殺，也可以是為了刻畫。然而，問題是我們?yōu)槭裁匆@么做。然而，只要你不放棄對社會(huì)權(quán)利的選擇，高檔享受不可避免地成為富人的特有的領(lǐng)域。這些杰作是衡量人類努力程度的試金石，是檢驗(yàn)人類思維和想象潛能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它們有著最深厚的寓意，并在人們彼此之間傳播。人們對文化的沖動(dòng)，即人們希望通過想象和再現(xiàn)來表現(xiàn)并探索這個(gè)世界的愿望，才是最根本的。沒有人會(huì)否認(rèn)食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育是不可或缺的。我們有權(quán)利使歌劇和其他昂貴的文化形式面向大眾，面向那些個(gè)人沒有支付能力的人。譯文2：欣賞歌劇是一種奢侈：你必須為此支付昂貴的票價(jià)。這些杰作是我們?nèi)砍晒脑嚱鹗侨祟愃枷牒拖胂罅杉俺潭鹊脑嚱鹗?。對于文化的沖動(dòng)，對于通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來表達(dá)并探索世界的欲望，這是人的本性。但問題是，有必要這么做嗎？食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育缺一不可，這一點(diǎn)人人認(rèn)可。但是，昂貴的東西并不是非富人莫屬，除非我們放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)。 they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another ：這兩句都包含一個(gè)定語從句，第一句的定語從句可以按照原結(jié)構(gòu)直譯，即“人類思想和想象力可及程度的試金石”，但第二句的定語從句需要用分譯法分譯出來，即“它們承載著最深刻的信息，使之在人類成員之間傳播。touchstones ：試金石。The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental ：此句為典型的英語主語部分過長的句子，為了避免頭重腳輕，翻譯時(shí)可將主語部分獨(dú)立出來，即變成外位語的形式，同時(shí)運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)譯法，將 fundamental 形容詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)為名詞詞性即“人性的根本”。But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw ：此句用了“ not just … , but also …”固定表達(dá)，一般譯為“不僅……，而且……”。但這是英文表達(dá)，英譯漢時(shí)必須將其用通順的漢語表達(dá)方式，因此翻譯時(shí)可采用正話反說，反話正說法，即“ 食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育缺一不可，這一點(diǎn)人人認(rèn)可。Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education ： the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education 意思為“ 食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育這些必需的事物 ”，翻譯時(shí)可將 imperatives 名詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞，即“ 食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育缺一不可 ”。We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it ： to make something accessible to someone 使某人也能得到某事（物），因此全句可譯為“使歌劇和其他形式的高消費(fèi)文化也能讓那些作為個(gè)體消費(fèi)不起的人們所享受。s power of choice 如果直譯，即“社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)”，但這樣翻譯有些抽象，可采用意譯法，即“社會(huì)左右選擇的力量”。s power of choice ： province 意為“領(lǐng)域、范圍”； abdicate 意為“放棄”。 2.Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable ：若直譯即“歌劇很貴，那種貴不可避免。本文翻譯中涉及長句譯法、定語從句譯法，以及增詞法、轉(zhuǎn)譯法等。翻譯這類文章時(shí)，伸縮性較大，適宜文采的容忍度較大。 they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目標(biāo)、渴望）。 肯尼迪總統(tǒng)以來，里根最成功地勾勒出美國藍(lán)圖：國家軍事力量復(fù)興，國人積極進(jìn)取，政府機(jī)構(gòu)精簡。自約翰 最重要的是，他們的候選人是羅納德 例如，美國上下一片和平，經(jīng)濟(jì)這一永恒的競選要素也在經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的衰退之后開始強(qiáng)勁反彈。他們久經(jīng)沙場，跟隨里根多年，為共和黨干的時(shí)間更長，沒有誰比他們更熟悉總統(tǒng)競選那一套兒。三個(gè)主要人物和兩個(gè)副手從全國各地趕來，聚在這里召開一個(gè)重要會(huì)議，旨在制定出一套策略，以確保里根再次當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，入主白宮。這是六月份的最后一個(gè)星期六，早晨 10 點(diǎn)，其他辦公室?guī)缀鯚o人。a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government ：譯法同上，可轉(zhuǎn)譯“國家軍事力量復(fù)興，國人積極進(jìn)取，政府機(jī)構(gòu)精簡。”但考慮到中文不易用修飾成份過長的表達(dá)方式，可將此同位語轉(zhuǎn)譯為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子，即“ 他極具個(gè)人魅力，精通溝通技巧。 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2.【 翻譯要點(diǎn)評析 】 1.翻譯這類文章時(shí)，伸縮性較大，適宜文采的容忍度較大。s resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battletested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation39。專業(yè)八級(jí)歷年英譯漢真題解析（19962000） 1996年專八英譯漢試題原文 Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the ReaganBush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o39。20090106|clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had e from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan39。s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a topflight staff 10 , travel, and television mercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling munication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【 概述 】 本文是一篇典型的關(guān)于美國政治的時(shí)事雜文，用詞色彩強(qiáng)烈，修飾語具有極端性和渲染性的特點(diǎn)。翻譯中涉及被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯法、轉(zhuǎn)譯法等。El