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處理、顯示,同時能夠控制照明燈具,嵇江坤:基于單片機的房間自動照明控制系統(tǒng)設計 3 其硬件電路只是系統(tǒng)的實施工具,大量的工作是由軟件來完成的。 系統(tǒng)的結構 系統(tǒng)的結構主要由三部分組成:( 1)單片機控制系統(tǒng)( 2)信號采集處理系統(tǒng)( 3) LCD 顯示系統(tǒng)( 4)電燈電源驅動系統(tǒng),達到控制照明燈具的目的。硬件電路設計還包括輸入輸出接口設計,畫出詳細電路圖,標出芯片的型號、器件參數(shù)值,根據(jù)電路圖在仿真機上進行調試,發(fā)現(xiàn)設計不當及時修改,最終達到設計目的 [10]。硬件電路是采用結構化系統(tǒng)設計方法,該方法保證設計電路的標準化、模塊化。一號按鈕控制手動與自動,二號按鈕控制燈的開關盞數(shù)(按 0 次沒燈開,按1 次開 1 盞燈,按 2 次開 2 盞燈,按 3 次開 3 盞燈 ,按 4 次后返回到 0)。本設計以AT89C51 單片機作為控 制裝置的智能部件,采用熱釋紅外人體傳感器檢測人體的存在(沒人時教室里燈全關,有人則進行下步行動),采用光敏三極管構成的電路檢測環(huán)境光的強度(光強時燈全關,光一般時燈開兩盞,光弱時開 3 盞燈);根據(jù)房間合理開燈的條件,系統(tǒng)通過對人體的存在信號和環(huán)境光信號的識別和智能判斷,完成對房間照明回路的智能控制,避免了教室用電的大量浪費 [9]。 系統(tǒng)設計要點 照明作為智能樓宇的子系統(tǒng)之一,它對智能樓宇的舒適性、經(jīng)濟性、方便性具有重要的意義。根據(jù)使用 客戶 的經(jīng)驗 ,不僅 使 照明管理與設備維修簡單及降低費用外,還對環(huán)境改善、提高工作效率都有著顯著的效果。故當 樓宇自控系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時,照明系統(tǒng)亦受到影響。而今出現(xiàn)的 樓宇 自控系統(tǒng),是以電氣觸點來實現(xiàn)區(qū)域控制、定時通斷、中央監(jiān)控等功能。樓宇中人工光環(huán)境對于滿足 人們的生活、學習、娛樂以及工作方面有著重要的意義。 關鍵詞:單片機,手動控制,自動控制,人體釋熱紅外線傳感器,光敏三極管 嵇江坤:基于單片機的房間自動照明控制系統(tǒng)設計 III Abstract With the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Singlechip Microputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on singlechip microputer. The paper expatiates on the designing theories and implementation method of the control system for lighting. Taking the designing process as mainline, it describes the process of designing from two respects— hardware and software. In another word, the paper describes the process from the method of circuit designing to the software technology of realizing the demanded functions. The controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 singlechip microputer. The system can do many jobs, such as controlling and display. The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: keyboard and LCD display circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as lamplight controlling, keyboard scanning and LCD displaying. The function is that through Humanrelease thermal infrared, Phototransistor and AT89C51 singlechip microputer sends orders to turn on lighting, turn off lighting, regulate brightness of room, etc. Key Words: SCM, Manual control, Automatic control, Humanrelease thermal infrared, Phototransistor 電力工程學院畢業(yè)設計(論文) IV 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................ II Abstract ............................................................................................................................III 第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................... 1 系統(tǒng)設計要點 .......................................................................................................... 1 系統(tǒng)的結構 .............................................................................................................. 2 系統(tǒng)性能指標及技術要求 ....................................................................................... 3 本章小結 .................................................................................................................. 3 第二章 硬件設備的應用 ................................................................................................ 4 單片機的應用技術 ................................................................................................... 4 人體釋熱紅外線傳感器 ........................................................................................... 4 光敏三極管 .............................................................................................................. 7 LCD 液晶顯示 ........................................................................................................... 8 看門狗 MAX813L ......................................................................................................11 本章小結 ................................................................................................................ 13 第三章 基于單片機的照明控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設計 ............................................ 14 控制器的電路設計 ................................................................................................ 14 LCD 液晶顯示設計 ................................................................................................. 15 看門狗監(jiān)控電路的設計 ........................................................................................ 15 光敏三極管采光電路設計 .................................................................................. 16 人體存在信號采集電路設計 ................................................................................ 18 電燈的驅動電路設計 ............................................................................................ 19 本章小結 ................................................................................................................ 19 第四章 基于單片機的照明控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設計 .................................................... 20 功能要求和重點 .................................................................................................... 20 軟件編程(程序) ................................................................................................. 20 本章小結 ................................................................................................................ 22 第五章 總結 ................................................................................................................ 23 致 謝 ..........................................................................................................