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lines such as clinical epidemiology and evidence synthesis, munication theory, behavioral science, public policy, financing, anizational theory, informatics, and mixed methods/qualitative research. Challenges ? T1: – struggles more with biological and technological mysteries, trial recruitment, and regulatory concerns ? T2: – struggles more with human behavior and anizational inertia, infrastructure and resource constraints, and the messiness of proving the effectiveness of “moving targets” under conditions that investigators cannot fully control Investigators ? T1: – Basic scientists cooperate with clinical doctors ? T2: – Populationbased investigators and epidemiologists and health policy makers, etc... ?More effective collaboration between lab scientists and clinical doctors Translational Medicine ? Dissemination of the innovation ? Adoption of the innovation ? Maintaining the innovation ? Refining and evolving as body of knowledge expands The Translation Continuum Basic Scientific Discovery Early Translation Late Translation Dissemination Adoption ?Promising gene ?Basic epidemiological finding ?Partnerships ?Intervention development ?Phase III trials ?Regulatory approval ?Partnerships ?Health services research to support dissemination and adoption ?To munity providers ?To patients and public ?Adoption of advance by providers, patients, and public ?Payment mechanisms to enable adoption Source: National Cancer Institute Translational Medicine ? Translate the success in genomic medicine into clinical applications ? Evidencebased medicine develop rationale and theory for drug design and therapeutic intervention ? Develop personal medicine and preventive medicine Translational Medicine ? Translational Research hot spot