【正文】 ppiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals limited to the the fulfillment of longterm goals. Even if human goals that are more plex and longerterm than the animals‘ goals, goals are gained, happiness is reinforced. 1. Why does the speaker mention ―2. 3. 4. 5. IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Don’t let it get to you!Susan: You look so angry. What happened?Chris: Nothing I‘d rather not talk about it. Just don‘t ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me. 打造寧大專業(yè)的互易平臺(tái) 4 Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the air conditioner.Susan: No wonder you‘re livid. I‘d be mad too if someone ripped me off like that. Chris: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didn‘t know anything about cars, which I don‘t, but! Susan: !Chris: What‘s worse, as I was leaving, I herd then saying, ―Don‘t trust that guy. Helooks broke.‖ When I heard that, Susan: Don‘t let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.Susan: Well, the best thing you can do is toChris: sounds like a good idea. MODEL2 I’ScriptSusan: Chris, I hear , so. Chris: It‘Susan:Chris:Susan: : finding you a newit. Anyway, I‘m getting bad grades, and I was told that . When I heard that, I almost lost it.: Look, relax. I‘ll help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I also have three week‘s laundry to do., and . Susan:.Chris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits。 not to do your laundry. 打造寧大專業(yè)的互易平臺(tái) 5 MODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!John: A: B: Nothing. I‘d rather not talk about it. Just don‘t ask.A: Come on. You shouldn‘t keep your feeling to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to buy a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But you were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photography. So they simply tricked me into 打造寧大專業(yè)的互易平臺(tái) 6 buying an expensive one.A: No wonder you‘re livid with rage. I‘d be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?B: I already went back to them and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that they hadn‘t encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: What‘s worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, ―That guy looks broke. He shouldn‘t have bought any camera.‖A: Don‘t let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.AB: Sounds too good to be true. V. Let’s TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite join me in an exploration off the causes of depression. There ate involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Physiology is factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances which transmit information in the brain called Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of so as to increase brain munication. While the causal of one‘s personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low selfesteem and selfdefeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and selfesteem.Another factor causing depression is one‘s early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in life. 打造寧大專業(yè)的互易平臺(tái) 7 Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Longterm stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing that those living with someone suffering from \depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibility of their also being depressed. 打造寧大專業(yè)的互易平臺(tái) 8 VI. Furth