【正文】 . No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will e from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. 　　Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. 　　Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 　　注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。 　　57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________. 　　A) no one can be both creative and critical 　　B) they cannot be regarded as equally important 　　C) they are in constant conflict with each other 　　D) one cannot use them at the same time（D） 　　58. What prevents people from writing on is ________. 　　A) putting their ideas in raw form 　　B) attempting to edit as they write 　　C) ignoring grammatical soundness 　　D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts（B） 　　59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? 　　A) To organize one’s thoughts logically. 　　B) To choose an appropriate topic. 　　C) To get one’s ideas down. 　　D) To collect raw materials.（C） 　　60. One mon concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________. 　　A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind 　　B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards 　　C) it may bring about too much criticism 　　D) it does not help them to think clearly（B） 　　61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process? 　　A) It refines his writing into better shape. 　　B) It helps him to e up with new ideas. 　　C) It saves the writing time available to him. 　　D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.（A） 　　這是一篇語言較為平易的說明文，作者以簡練、親切、對(duì)話式的語言向讀者闡述了自己的寫作方法。作者隨后馬不停蹄提出了第一點(diǎn)寫作方法，The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind，即批判思維與創(chuàng)造思維不能同時(shí)共存。不過由于文章的平易性和閑散性，作者也就對(duì)此未做過高要求。 　　第三段介紹了運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造思維的具體方法：free writing，自由寫作；第四、五段具體講解批判思維的使用方法。 　　文章的第二段論述了創(chuàng)造性思維與批判性思維的關(guān)系問題。意思就是二者不可同時(shí)使用。no one can be both creative and critical的意思是一個(gè)人身上不同時(shí)具備這二種思維能力，而不是不能同時(shí)使用這二者。A的解釋不對(duì)。從上下文來看，作者從未對(duì)二者孰重孰輕做出評(píng)判，而只是討論了先后問題。從文中論述可知，只有當(dāng)人們想同時(shí)使用二者時(shí)，這二者才會(huì)發(fā)生沖突，如果一前一后使用則不會(huì)。因此這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的論斷不正確。 　　58. B 　　題目問妨礙人們實(shí)現(xiàn)流暢寫作的是什么？ 　　文章第二段講到了這個(gè)問題。后文做了兩個(gè)假設(shè)，即在想法初現(xiàn)的時(shí)候考慮語法問題和想法初現(xiàn)就不做修改與人分享，這二種情形的結(jié)果都不理想。 　　A，把原始的粗糙想法拿來與人分享。 　　B，在寫作時(shí)試圖進(jìn)行修改。 　　C，忽略語法錯(cuò)誤。 　　D，設(shè)法抓住稍縱即逝的想法。抓住稍縱即逝的想法實(shí)際上是寫作的第一步，而修改語法是其妨礙因素。 　　從某種角度來看，文章論述的其實(shí)就寫作的順序問題。后半部分對(duì)如何運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造性思維和批判性思維進(jìn)行了具體描述。 　　A， 把想法有邏輯性地組織起來。因此A不對(duì)。全文沒有提到選擇題目問題。 　　D，收集原始材料。 　　60. B 　　題目問作家們進(jìn)行“自由寫作”時(shí)遇到的共同問題是什么。從第四段的this will take more time than you actually have，到第四段的Move back and forth until you run out of time，寫作者必須和時(shí)間賽跑，才能在時(shí)間用完時(shí)將文章修改完畢。 　　A，它過于強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造思維。 　　B，用來修改的時(shí)間過多。 　　C，它會(huì)引來太多的批評(píng)。 　　D，自由寫作不能幫助作家清楚地思考?！扒宄厮伎肌币舸诙健兴季S來實(shí)現(xiàn)。相關(guān)內(nèi)容在最后二段。下一段整段對(duì)如何運(yùn)用批判性思維進(jìn)行了描述，從中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)批判性思維的主要作用是對(duì)文章草稿進(jìn)行修改、精煉。也就是對(duì)文章草稿進(jìn)行修改、精煉的意思，符合最后一段對(duì)批判思維的描述。根據(jù)文意，批判思維是對(duì)現(xiàn)有想法的修改，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的想法。倒數(shù)第二段提到this will take more time than you actually have，意思是在運(yùn)用批判思維前很可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)間不夠用，那么批判思維有沒有節(jié)省時(shí)間呢？從“Move back and forth until you run out of time……”這最后一句話可以看出，即便運(yùn)用批判性思維，還是把所有的時(shí)間都用光了。 　　D，它可使作者坐下來審視文章。Passage Two 　　I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of spacetime and the nature of black holes. 　　At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my . at MIT and then as a postdoctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性別) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對(duì)于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. 　　Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually bee my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory. 　　Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about. 　　62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again? 　　A) She feels unhappy working in maledominated fields. 　　B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination. 　　C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind. 　　D) She finds space research more important.（B） 　　63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ___