【正文】 降了，電池內(nèi)阻也相應(yīng)的增大很多，非常影響電池的放電容量和電池性能，并且充電過程中仍然存在水的分解，膠體失水，產(chǎn)生龜裂以及萎縮等問題，最終導(dǎo)致電池很快廢棄。 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀 鉛酸蓄電池的歷史已經(jīng)很久了，在鉛酸蓄電池發(fā)明初期，其工藝還不科學(xué)，充電繁瑣，還需要經(jīng)常自行添加電解液等，使用并不方便。 2 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................ II ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. III 前 言 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 背景介紹 ..................................................................................................................................... 4 選題的背景 ...................................................................................................................... 4 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 4 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展前景 ...................................................................................... 5 2 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..................................................................................................................................... 5 基本內(nèi)容 .......................................................................................................................... 5 具體要求 .......................................................................................................................... 5 3 設(shè)計(jì)方案的選擇 ......................................................................................................................... 6 方案一 .............................................................................................................................. 6 方案二 .............................................................................................................................. 6 方案三 .............................................................................................................................. 6 4 硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................................. 7 設(shè)計(jì)思路 .......................................................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)成及工作原理 ............................................................................... 7 流程圖 ................................................................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ................................................................................................... 9 STC12C5A60S2 單片機(jī) ................................................................................................. 10 STC12C5A60S2 系列單片機(jī)簡介 ...................................................................... 10 STC12C5A60S2 系列單片機(jī)特點(diǎn) ...................................................................... 12 LCD12864 ....................................................................................................................... 13 P溝道 MOS管驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 .................................................................................................. 14 降壓型開關(guān)電源電路 .................................................................................................... 15 5V 電源電路 ................................................................................................................... 15 鉛酸蓄電池充電方法及 PID算法 ................................................................................ 16 鉛蓄電池充放電原理圖及 PCB圖 ................................................................................ 18 5 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................................... 19 程序的編譯鏈接 ............................................................................................................ 19 仿真 ................................................................................................................................ 20 6 調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................................... 20 硬件調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................ 21 3 軟件調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................ 21 7 總結(jié) ........................................................................................................................................... 22 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................................... 23 附 錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 25 致 謝 ......................................................................................................................................... 244 4 1 背景介紹 選題的背景 鉛蓄電池由于其可以循環(huán)充電，成本較低，放電穩(wěn)定，耐腐蝕無污染等特點(diǎn)，在現(xiàn)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中日益重要。 現(xiàn)階段，我國是鉛蓄電池使用大國，但是鉛蓄電池的充電方法很多都不科學(xué)，設(shè)備普遍落后，迫切需要一種新型高效的鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)以滿足生產(chǎn)生活的需要。智能充電是指使 實(shí)際充電過程中，充電電流能動(dòng)態(tài)的滿足電池在不同階段所需要的充電電流。國內(nèi)外多年來實(shí)踐有力的證明了，鉛酸蓄電池浮充電壓偏差達(dá)到 5%時(shí)，電池的浮充壽命就將會(huì)減少一半。這樣導(dǎo)致充電時(shí)間過長，一般需要 10 多個(gè)小時(shí)，且使用不方便。所以關(guān)于鉛酸蓄電池的充電及放電技術(shù)也備受大家的關(guān)注。Since STC12C5A60S2 own internal 10bit ADC and PWM, So more than 5V analog detection directly after dividing resistor divider connected to ADC port can be realized, and PWM control MOS tube directly generated by the collecting The voltage across the battery and voltage difference of Sampling resistor,.can realize the detection of Charging current and the chargedischarge then do PID regulation By controlling the microcontroller， change t