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可歌可泣的。 1) 過(guò)去向我們學(xué)習(xí)的人,現(xiàn)在反而超過(guò)了我們。 有時(shí)評(píng)論和結(jié)論也可按漢語(yǔ)主題句的原序翻譯 , 原則是讀起來(lái)要通順 ,同時(shí)還要符合英語(yǔ)的慣用法 。 ?It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without the bicycle. Yet it wasn’t so many years ago that a bicycle was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people. Moreover, it was in short supply. 四 、 主題句 主題句的前一部分?jǐn)⒗砘驍⑹?, 后一部分進(jìn)行總結(jié)或評(píng)論 , 表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖 。 譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí) , 多譯為若干個(gè)以 “ 主 — 謂 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)為主干的分立單位或者并列散句 , 并適當(dāng)增加關(guān)系詞 , 語(yǔ)義重心一般無(wú)須調(diào)整 。 There is very little time left. 3) 認(rèn)識(shí)落后,才能去改變落后;學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn),才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。 He thought it might be wise to try his luck there. 二、 無(wú)主句 漢語(yǔ)中有眾多的無(wú)主句,譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)或視情況補(bǔ)加主語(yǔ)(祈使句可以不補(bǔ)),譯成完整的句子;或譯為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句。 By the end of the century China will have bee prosperous. 2) 街旁都種了樹(shù) 。s violation of the SinoUS trade agreement with imposing punitive tax on American exports to China. 要譯出漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隱蔽的時(shí)態(tài) 、 情態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài) 。 For the next few minutes the spokeswoman answered questions from some journalists and correspondents. ②中國(guó)通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)商品征收?qǐng)?bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅來(lái)作為對(duì)美方違反中美貿(mào)易協(xié)定的回答。 例如 “ 回答 ”與不同的詞搭配 , 用在不同的語(yǔ)境 ,譯法就不一樣 。 漢語(yǔ)的有些動(dòng)詞搭配能力很強(qiáng) ,同一詞處在不同的語(yǔ)境 , 意義就會(huì)大不相同 。 中國(guó)近幾年來(lái)發(fā)生了巨變。 所以翻譯漢語(yǔ)主謂單句時(shí) , 至少應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問(wèn)題 。 因此 , 漢語(yǔ)各種句型譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí) , 不僅在邏輯關(guān)系上而且在外形上都應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)出英語(yǔ)句法結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn) 。 有人稱漢語(yǔ)是時(shí)間型的動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) , 主要體現(xiàn)于形式自由 , 富于彈性 。 普遍的看法是,簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù),提高工效,比給企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的優(yōu)惠更為重要。 一切都考慮進(jìn)去,她的建議似乎更切實(shí)可行。 There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business. Exercise 熱烈歡迎世界各地客商來(lái)此進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)合作,建立和發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。 The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of the human society. ? There Be ? 1) 自 1983年以來(lái) , 已經(jīng)建立了一百多個(gè)這樣的組織 。 It’s hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. ? Personification ? 1) 世紀(jì)之交 , 中國(guó)外交空前活躍 。 Isn’t it a great pleasure to meet friends from afar? ? 2) 這個(gè)都市圈設(shè)想按五個(gè)層次展開(kāi) 。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3) 重點(diǎn)是普及義務(wù)教育,積極發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和成人教育,適度發(fā)展高等教育,優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)。 One of the greatest challenges for an architect is a renovation of an operating hotel. 3. Supplement ? 1) 弄得不好 ,就會(huì)前功盡棄 。 Small shops dot the way. ? 2) 他這樣悍然行事使我們非常氣惱 。 We have made some achievements in various fields of our work but we must not get conceited and arrogant. 3) 我們的自然科學(xué)比較落后,要努力向外國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。 In the Chinese ideology, the pursuit of family happiness has been elevated to the place before personal happiness, while for the Americans the order seems to be the reverse. 22 By means of inference (decide SV based on thorough interpretation) ? 1) 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤 , 要改正錯(cuò)誤 。 The development of relation of peace and friendship between China and Japan is in accord with the longterm interests of the two people. 2) 游中國(guó)當(dāng)然是必游長(zhǎng)城 。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ? 3) 這些新政策將使人民的購(gòu)買力提高 ,市場(chǎng)繁榮 , 金融活躍 , 絕不會(huì)如一些人所說(shuō)將使國(guó)家財(cái)政一團(tuán)糟 。 主語(yǔ)的選擇 (Options for subjects) ? 1 、 對(duì)等 (Equivalence)( Follow the Chinese topicment order, use noun phrases etc.) ? 1) 財(cái)源有限 , 開(kāi)銷無(wú)窮 。 (Our ) Financial resources are limited but expenses limitless. ? 2) 如果不適當(dāng)?shù)靥幚?, 鍋爐及機(jī)動(dòng)車輛排出的廢氣就會(huì)造成城市空氣污染 。 ?These new measures will, we believe, increase the people’s purchasing power and lead to thriving financial and mercial conditions rather than make a mess of the country’s finances as some people argue. 2 、 轉(zhuǎn)換 (Shift) (find elements in the original to use as the subject) 21 By changing word category 1) 中日兩國(guó)發(fā)展和平友好關(guān)系,符合兩國(guó)人民的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益。 A must for all the tourists to China is to visit the Great Wall. 3)中國(guó)的國(guó)民意識(shí)是把追求家庭幸福提到個(gè)人幸福之上,而美國(guó)人似乎與此相反。 Wrongs must be righted when they a