【正文】
國人,不懂漢語,甲是個中國人又不懂英語,甲乙之間就不能交流思想。 這樣,乙就明白了甲的意思,交流就完成了。通過翻譯進行的思想交流,叫做:語際交流( interlingual munication)。 翻譯的標準( 嚴復的信、達、雅) ? By the end of 19th century, Yan Fu,the president of Yanjing University, and great translator and professor, introduced a large number of books to the Chinese people by means of translation. He also put forward the wellknown criteria for translation, . faithfulness, prehensibility and elegance. ? Mr. Lu Xun also put forward the criteria for translation: faithfulness and expressiveness. 根據(jù)翻譯的定義提出現(xiàn)行的翻譯標準: ? 翻譯是語際交流過程中溝通不同語言的橋梁。 譯文讀者和原文讀者的感受大致相同或近似, 就是好的或比較好的譯文 ;相去甚遠或完全不同,則是質量低甚至是不合格的譯文。 翻譯的要求 Our requirements are as follows: ? 1)Faithful to the original不能任意歪曲、篡改、增刪、遺漏、不能加上譯者的觀點和感情。 ? 3)Keeping the style of the original保持原作的語體風格;民族風格;個人風格。translation from Chinese into foreign language and vice versa, and translation from one local language into another local language within a country. ? As far as the translation form is concerned, we have oral and written translation。最低標準是指譯文起碼應該達到的水平, 低于這個水平就是不合格的翻譯, 失敗的翻譯。 ( 1)、錯譯 ? The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to wait on a customer. ?原譯 :為了給顧客服務, 職員們得擅長交談。 ? Regardless of appearance, Jack is innocent. ?原譯 : ?不管邁克的相貌如何, 他都是無辜的。 ( 2)、漏譯 ?學生是復雜的, 工作又很多。 ?改譯 : ?要謙虛謹慎, 防止自滿情緒 。 ?原譯 : ? But in my opinion there was a problem in this family. ?改譯 : ? But as I saw it, there seemed to be a problem with this family. ( 4)、表達失誤 ? He is physically weak but mentally sound. ?原譯 : ?他身體雖弱,但思想健康。 ( 5)、詞不搭配 ? And the body lay white and still beneath the pines… ?原譯 : ?這具尸體蒼白而安靜地躺在松樹下 …… ?改譯 : ?這具蒼白的尸體靜靜地躺在松樹下 …… ( 6)、譯文費解 ? The alternatives are now clear to see. ?原譯 : ?代替的辦法, 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)清楚在望。 ( 7)、 “ 洋 ” 化現(xiàn)象 ? It is now thought that the more work we give our brain, the more work they are able to do. ?原譯 :