環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第五章溫度與代謝-展示頁
2024-10-25 01:36本頁面
【正文】 al and behavioral mechanisms are used to regulate heat. Despite these mechanisms, the body temperature of an ectotherm varies significantly with environmental conditions. Heat exchange 熱 交 換 所有的有機體從它們的環(huán)境中得到熱，也將產(chǎn)生的熱散失到它們的環(huán)境中。 熱中性區(qū) （ thermoneutral zone）是環(huán)境的溫度范圍，在這個溫度范圍內(nèi)，內(nèi)溫動物僅使用一個最小的代謝率以維持恒定的體溫。內(nèi)溫動物是能夠在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)熱以升高體溫的有機體。在有機體之間，可供選擇的另一種劃分如下描述。當環(huán)境溫度升高時，恒溫動物保持著大致恒定的體溫，而變溫動物的體溫隨環(huán)境溫度而改變。E1 溫度與代謝 要 點 恒溫動物和變溫動物 按照有機體的體溫調(diào)節(jié)過程有可能對有機體進行分類。一種可能的劃分是恒溫動物和變溫動物。這種分類的一個問題是，即使是典型的恒溫動物也經(jīng)歷了降低體溫的時期。 恒溫動物 變溫動物 Ectotherms are anisms such as plants, reptiles and protista which are largely reliant on external sources of heat to raise their body are anisms capable of generating heat internally in order to raise their body temperature. Birds and mammals make up this group. The thermoneutral zone is the range of enmironmental temperatures in which an endotherm has only to exert a minimum metabolic effort in order to maintain a constant body temperature. The further away from the thermoneutral zone that the environmental temperature moves, the more energy the endotherm has to expend to maintain body temperature. Ectotherms and endotherms 外溫動物和內(nèi)溫動物 像爬行動物等有機體屬外溫動物，它們很大程度地依賴于外來的熱來提高自己的體溫。鳥和哺乳動物屬于這一類。環(huán)境溫度離熱中性區(qū)越遠，內(nèi)溫動物維持恒定體溫消耗的能量越多。種種生理學(xué)和行為學(xué)的機理被用于調(diào)節(jié)體熱。 High temperatures may lead to enzyme inactivation or the unbalancing of ponents of metabolism。 those that live through freezing winters often do so at a resistant, dormant stage of their life cycle. Temperature thresholds Related topics Solar radiation and climate(C1) Responses to temperature (E2) Plants and water (D2) Temperature and species Animals and water (D3) distribution (E3) Ecosystem patterns (S1) 溫 度 閾 高溫可能導(dǎo)致酶失活或代謝組分不平衡，例如植物的呼吸作用快于光合作用而導(dǎo)致死亡。所有陸生外溫動物必須保持水，但在高溫下失水率能夠成為致死因子。溫度低于 1℃ 時很多物種被凍
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