【正文】 logical time． But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to bee a reliable time marker throughout the world. Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers Quartz 石英 is quartza silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ionsthere‘s no difference at all between twomillionyearold Pleistocene [39。史密斯乘著郵件馬車每年行進將近 10000 英里。這份工作為史密斯提供了一個機會，使他能夠接觸和學(xué)習(xí)那些因為運河開掘而露出地面的新鮮巖層。tikjul?sli]細(xì)致的，一絲不茍的 researched that it can still be used today. 這些事情都發(fā)生在蒸汽火車發(fā)明之前，運河建筑正處于頂峰時期。后來，他又自學(xué)了地質(zhì)學(xué)， 24 歲的時，他開始為挖掘英格蘭南部 Somerset Coal運河那家公司工作。史密斯只在村里的學(xué)校接受了最基本的教育，大部分的時間都是在他叔叔的農(nóng)場里搜尋化石，這些化石在科茨沃爾德山的巖石里是很常見的。s farm collecting the fossils that were so abundant in the rocks of the Cotswold hills． When he grew older 3 William Smith taught himself surveying from books he bought with his small savings and at the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor 測量員 of the local parish. He then proceeded to teach himself geology and when he was twentyfour， he went to work for the pany that was excavating the Somerset Coal Canal in the south of England. 威廉 總之，判斷題目類型（總結(jié)表格題和對比表格題） 根據(jù)題目類型找主題、細(xì)節(jié)和支持性段落 /事例 采用排除法找出正確答案是解決這類問題的最佳策略。其中 B內(nèi)容在文章中有，但是不符合， D 的內(nèi)容也是正確的，但是與 E相比， E更合適，而 F 直接排除掉。根據(jù)這個理解然后看答案。）后面三個分論點的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個論點展開： 因為漁業(yè)的發(fā)達人們忽略了過度捕殺來的問題；盡管采取各種限制捕殺政策，鱈魚的庫存還是不斷減少而其數(shù)量也沒有回升的跡象；加拿大政府從 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代開始想辦法來繁榮紐芬蘭的經(jīng)濟。n?nim?s] 同一的 with cod. Newfoundland‘s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod. By the nieenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John‘s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island‘s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants. Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod‘s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland‘s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump 衰退，暴跌 lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable 可行的 economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland‘s seafood panies were merged into one conglomerate. [k?n39。 我們來看一個例子， The Atlantic Cod 鱈魚 Fishery 漁業(yè) Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, 大淺灘（位于紐芬蘭島東南的大西洋淺灘） huge shoals [??ul]淺灘，魚群 on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream 墨西哥灣流 meet the cold waters of Labrador 多洋流 As the currents brush 擦過 each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor 攪動洋底的礦物質(zhì) , providing nutrients for plankton 浮游生物 and tiny shrimplike creatures called krill, 磷蝦 which feed on the plankton. Herring 鯡（青魚） and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish,底層魚 such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean‘s bottom layer, congregating [39。另外一種是針對文章中的重點支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點支持性段落主題，段落結(jié)論，以及重點支持性例子的概述三部分組成。 總結(jié)表格題 相對而言， 總結(jié)表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對比表格題，這是由它們自身特點，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。在 IBT 閱讀的 3 篇文章中有兩個此類問題，且通常是文章最后一道題目，為 2 分。它們以對比表格和總結(jié)表格的形式出現(xiàn)。 1 新托福閱讀表格題目的解決策略 IBT 閱讀中的表格題是新題型，同時在 IBT 聽力部分也出現(xiàn)了。與聽力部分不同的是， IBT 閱讀部分的表格題既包括了對全文重點內(nèi)容的發(fā)問又包括了對全文主題和結(jié)論發(fā)問。相對于聽力表格題來說，閱讀部分的難度系數(shù)更大一些。 一、表格題分為兩大類：總結(jié)表格題和對比表格題。 題的出題模式有兩種： 一種是針對全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點支持段落的概述三部分組成。這里我們重點看第一種出題模式。k??ɡri,ɡeit] 聚集 in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth. Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland 紐芬蘭 economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden ―flakes‖白點 was a mon sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word ―fish‖ became synonymous [si39。ɡl?m?r?t 企業(yè)集團 By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were manding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers. However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland‘s cod fishing and 2 processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas 份額，配額 were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada‘s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work. Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming 多產(chǎn)的 fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent 迫近的，即將來臨的 recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades o