【正文】 電池的放電容量和電池性能，并且充電過程中仍然存在水的分解，膠體失水，產(chǎn)生龜裂以及萎縮等問題，最終導致電池很快廢棄。 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀 鉛酸蓄電池的歷史已經(jīng)很久了，在鉛酸蓄電池發(fā) 明初期，其工藝還不科學，充電繁瑣，還需要經(jīng)常自行添加電解液等，使用并不方便。 2 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................II ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. III 前 言 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1 背景介紹 ..................................................................................................................................... 4 選題的背景 ...................................................................................................................... 4 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 4 鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展前景 ...................................................................................... 5 2 設計要求 ..................................................................................................................................... 5 基本內(nèi)容 .......................................................................................................................... 5 具體要求 .......................................................................................................................... 5 3 設計方案的選擇 ......................................................................................................................... 6 方案一 .............................................................................................................................. 6 方案二 .............................................................................................................................. 6 方案三 .............................................................................................................................. 6 4 硬件系統(tǒng)設計 ............................................................................................................................. 7 設計思路 .......................................................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)成及工作原理 ............................................................................... 7 流程圖 ................................................................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)的設計步驟 ................................................................................................... 9 STC12C5A60S2 單片機 ................................................................................................. 10 STC12C5A60S2 系列單片機簡介 ...................................................................... 10 STC12C5A60S2 系列單片機特點 ...................................................................... 12 LCD12864 ....................................................................................................................... 13 P溝道 MOS 管驅(qū)動電路 .................................................................................................. 14 降壓型開關(guān)電源電路 .................................................................................................... 15 5V電源電路 ................................................................................................................... 15 鉛酸蓄電池充電方法及 PID 算法 ................................................................................ 16 鉛蓄電池充放電原理圖及 PCB 圖 ................................................................................ 18 5 軟件系統(tǒng)設計 ........................................................................................................................... 19 程序的編譯鏈接 ............................................................................................................ 19 仿真 ................................................................................................................................ 20 6 調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................................... 20 硬件調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................ 21 3 軟件調(diào)試 ........................................................................................................................ 21 7 總結(jié) ........................................................................................................................................... 22 參考文獻 ....................................................................................................................................... 23 附 錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 25 致 謝 ......................................................................................................................................... 244 4 1 背景介紹 選題的背景 鉛蓄電池由于其可以循環(huán)充電，成本較低，放電穩(wěn)定，耐腐蝕無污染等特點，在現(xiàn)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中日益重要。 現(xiàn)階段，我國是鉛蓄電池使用大國，但是鉛蓄電池的充電方法很多都不科學，設備普遍落后，迫切需要一種新型高效的鉛蓄電池充電系統(tǒng)以滿足生產(chǎn)生活的需要。智能充電是指使實際充電過程中，充電電流能動態(tài)的滿足電池在不同階段所需要的充電電流。國內(nèi)外多年來實踐有力的證明了，鉛酸蓄電池浮充電壓偏差達到 5%時，電池的浮充壽命就將會減少一半。這樣導致充電時間過長，一般需要 10 多個小時，且使用不方便。所以關(guān)于鉛酸蓄電池的充電及放電技術(shù) 也備受大家的關(guān)注。Since STC12C5A60S2 own internal 10bit ADC and PWM, So more than 5V analog detection directly after dividing resistor divider connected to ADC port can be realized, and PWM control MOS tube directly generated by the collecting The voltage across the battery and voltage difference of Sampling resistor,.can realize the detection of Charging current and the chargedischarge then do PID regulation By controlling the microcontroller， change the Duty cycle of PW