外文翻譯---高層建筑及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計-展示頁
2025-06-15 08:39本頁面
【正文】 g cinstant . However , this does require that vertical ponents of the widened subsystem be suitably connected to actually gain this benefit. Design subsystems such that the ponents are made to interact in the most efficient manner . For example , use truss systems with chords and diagonals efficiently stressed , place reinforcing for walls at critical locations , and optimize stiffness ratios for rigid frames . Increase the material in the most effective resisting ponents . For example , materials added in the lower floors to the flanges of columns and connecting girders will directly decrease the overall deflection and increase the moment resistance without contributing mass in the upper floors where the earthquake problem is aggravated . Arrange to have the greater part of vertical loads be carried directly on the primary momentresisting ponents . This will help stabilize the buildings against tensile overturning forces by prepressing the major overturnresisting ponents . The local shear in each story can be best resisted by strategic placement if solid walls or the use of diagonal members in a vertical subsystem . Resisting these shears solely by vertical members in bending is usually less economical , since achieving sufficient bending resistance in the columns and connecting girders will require more material and construction energy than using walls or diagonal members . Sufficient horizontal diaphragm action should be provided floor . This will help to bring the various resisting elements to work together instead of separately . 7 、 Create megaframes by joining large vertical and horizontal ponents such as two or more elevator shafts at multistory intervals with a heavy floor subsystems , or by use of very deep girder trusses . Remember that all highrise buildings are essentially vertical cantilevers which are supported at the ground . When the above principles are judiciously applied , structurally desirable schemes can be obtained by walls , cores , rigid frames, tubular construction , and other vertical subsystems to achieve horizontal strength and rigidity . Some of these applications will now be described in subsequent sections in the following . ShearWall Systems When shear walls are patible with other functional requirements , they can be economically utilized to resist lateral forces in highrise buildings . For example , apartment buildings naturally require many separation walls . When some of these are designed to be solid , they can act as shear walls to resist lateral forces and to carry the vertical load as well . For buildings up to some 20storise , the use of shear walls is mon . If given sufficient length ,such walls can economically resist lateral forces up to 30 to 40 stories or more . However , shear walls can resist lateral load only the plane of the walls ( in a diretion perpendicular to them ) . Therefore ,it is always necessary to provide shear walls in two perpendicular directions can be at least in sufficient orientation so that lateral force in any direction can be resisted . In addition , that wall layout should reflect consideration of any torsional effect .
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