外文翻譯---高層建筑及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計-在線瀏覽
2024-07-30 08:39本頁面
【正文】 In design progress , two or more shear walls can be connected to from Lshaped or channelshaped subsystems . Indeed , internal shear walls can be connected to from a rectangular shaft that will resist lateral forces very efficiently . If all external shear walls are continuously connected , then the whole buildings acts as a tube , and is excellent ShearWall Systems resisting lateral loads and torsion . Whereas concrete shear walls are generally of solid type with openings when necessary , steel shear walls are usually made of trusses . These trusses can have single diagonals , “X”diagonals , or“K”arrangements . A trussed wall will have its members act essentially in direct tension or pression under the action of view , and they offer some opportunity and deflectionlimitation point of view , and they offer some opportunity for peration between members . Of course , the inclined members of trusses must be suitable placed so as not to interfere with requirements for windows and for circulation service perations though these walls . As stated above , the walls of elevator , staircase ,and utility shafts form natural tubes and are monly employed to resist both vertical and lateral forces . Since these shafts are normally rectangular or circular in crosssection , they can offer an efficient means for resisting moments and shear in all directions due to tube structural action . But a problem in the design of these shafts is provided sufficient strength around door openings and other perations through these elements . For reinforced concrete construction , special steel reinforcements are placed around such opening .In steel construction , heavier and more rigid connections are required to resist racking at the openings . In many highrise buildings , a bination of walls and shafts can offer excellent resistance to lateral forces when they are suitably located ant connected to one another . It is also desirable that the stiffness offered these subsystems be moreorless symmertrical in all directions . RigidFrame Systems In the design of architectural buildings , rigidframe systems for resisting vertical and lateral loads have long been accepted as an important and standard means for designing building . They are employed for lowand medium means for designing buildings . They are employed for low and medium up to highrise building perhaps 70 or 100 stories high . When pared to shearwall systems , these rigid frames both within and at the outside of a buildings . They also make use of the stiffness in beams and columns that are required for the buildings in any case , but the columns are made stronger when rigidly connected to resist the lateral as well as vertical forces though frame bending . Frequently , rigid frames will not be as stiff as shearwall construction , and therefore may produce excessive deflections for the more slender highrise buildings designs . But because of this flexibility , they are often considered as being more ductile and thus less susceptible to catastrophic earthquake failure when pared with ( some ) shearwall designs . For example , if over stressing occurs at certain po
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