【正文】
說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,是什么,怎么樣,由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 2021/6/16 7 表語(yǔ): ? 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么,或者怎么樣,由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,短語(yǔ),或者從句充當(dāng).表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 2021/6/16 8 賓語(yǔ) ? 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象,由名詞,代詞,短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,從句充當(dāng).它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 2021/6/16 9 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ? 在英語(yǔ)中,有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思,還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思. 它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么,怎么樣的作用. ? 它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng). ? If you let me go, I’ ll make you king. ? Leave the door open. ?We found John out when we arrived. ? Make yourself at home. ? I saw him enter the hall. ? The boss keeps them working all day. ? I heard my name called. 2021/6/16 10 狀語(yǔ) ? 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞.它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),目的,方式,程度.一般由副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),也可由從句來(lái)充當(dāng). He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’ t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen. 2021/6/16 11 定語(yǔ) ? 定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞.形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ). ? The black bike is mine. ? What’ s your name? A broken vase. ? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. ? They made paper flowers. ? The boy in the room is Jack. ? I have something to do. ? It is a swimming pool. 2021/6/16 12 2021/6/16 13 種類 類型 主語(yǔ)S 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 v 表語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ) p 賓語(yǔ) 0 賓補(bǔ)oc 第 1種 S+V We work 第2種 S+V+0 He plays violin. 第3種 S+v+p We are students 第4種 S+v+IO+DO she gave me a pen. 第5種 S+V+O+OC He made me laugh 2021/6/16 14 基本句型 一: S V P (主+系+表) S │V(是系動(dòng)詞) │ P 1. This │is │an EnglishChinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。 英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。2021/6/16 1 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí) 句子成分 和 基本句型 2021/6/16 2 2021/6/16 3 什么是句子? 句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位.句子的第一個(gè)字母必須 大寫(xiě) ,結(jié)尾要有 .? ! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! 2021/6/16 4 現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種,即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種:主語(yǔ)( subject)、謂語(yǔ)( predicate)、表語(yǔ)( predicative)、賓語(yǔ)( object)、定語(yǔ)( attribute)、狀語(yǔ) (adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)( plement)。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的氣味很好。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我們井干枯了。 2021/6/16 15 基本句型 二:S V (主+謂) 主語(yǔ) :可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有 名詞 (如 boy), 主格代詞 (如 you), 動(dòng)詞不定式 , 動(dòng)名詞 等。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家! 謂語(yǔ) :謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角,一般在主語(yǔ)之后。這類動(dòng)詞叫做 不及物動(dòng)詞 ,后面可以跟 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句 等。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所講的沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。 2021/6/16 16 主語(yǔ) 可有修飾語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) , 謂語(yǔ) 可有修飾語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 。 2.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5.每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。 7.五年前我住在北京。 9.我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 6. This box weighs five kilos. lived in Beijing five years ago. autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. afternoon a lot of students e to the library to borrow books. 2021/6/16 19 基本句型 三: S V O (主+謂+賓) 構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如: me, him,them等 S │V(及物動(dòng)詞) │ O 1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜歡看書(shū)。 6. He │said │Good morning. 他說(shuō): 早上好! 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 2021/6/16 20 鞏固練習(xí): 1.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 3.這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 5.那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 7. Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9. 他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。 6. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。如: He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 2021/6/16 24 用 to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示 朝著,向著,對(duì)著某人。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助 to的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等; (需借助 for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 2021/6/16 26 鞏固練習(xí): 5.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎? 6.新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。 Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. bought a new coat for his mother with his first month’s salary. 2021/6/16 27 說(shuō)明 : 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“ 主語(yǔ) +及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)” 構(gòu)成。 The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 基本句型 五: S V O C (主