【正文】 .............................................................. 24 恒容實驗 .............................................................................. 24 目 錄 ii 濃縮實驗 .............................................................................. 24 電鏡分析及阻力分析 ................................................................ 24 化學(xué)清洗及反 沖操作 ................................................................ 25 第 三章 陶瓷 膜凈 化溶 劑油 的微 濾行 為 ....................................... 26 陶瓷膜的 純水 和 純油 通量 ............................................................ 26 操作時間對 膜 通量和截留率的影響 ................................................ 28 跨膜壓差對 膜 通量的影響 ............................................................ 30 錯流速度對 膜 通量的影響 ............................................................ 32 溫度對 膜 通量的影響 .................................................................. 33 鋁粉濃度對 膜 通量的影響 ............................................................ 35 濃縮因子對膜通量和截留率的影響 ................................................ 36 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................. 39 第四章 陶瓷膜 污染及其 通量恢復(fù)研究 ............................................... 41 陶瓷膜 SEMEDS 分析 ................................................................ 41 陶瓷 膜阻力計算 ........................................................................ 43 污染陶瓷膜的 化學(xué)清洗 ............................................................... 44 反沖 操作對通量恢復(fù)的影響 ......................................................... 47 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................. 49 第五章 陶瓷膜微濾 溶劑油 數(shù)學(xué)模型 .................................................. 51 模型思路與假設(shè) ........................................................................ 51 四種 基本 阻塞 模型 ..................................................................... 51 孔堵塞與濾餅形成結(jié)合 模型 ......................................................... 53 修正模型 ................................................................................. 54 模擬值 與實驗數(shù)據(jù)的比較 ............................................................ 54 完全堵塞 .............................................................................. 54 中間堵塞模型 ......................................................................... 56 標準堵塞 .............................................................................. 57 濾餅?zāi)Ｐ? .............................................................................. 59 孔堵塞和濾餅形成組合模型 ....................................................... 60 修正模型 .............................................................................. 62 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................. 63 第六章 陶瓷膜凈化溶劑油的 工業(yè)化 設(shè)計 ............................................ 65 湖南科技大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 iii 設(shè)計 資料 ................................................................................. 65 設(shè)計 計算 ................................................................................. 65 設(shè)計工藝流程 ........................................................................... 67 經(jīng)濟分析 ................................................................................. 68 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................. 69 第七章 結(jié)論 ..................................................................................... 70 參 考 文 獻 ..................................................................................... 72 致 謝 ............................................................................................... 79 附錄 A ............................................................................................. 80 附錄 B .............................................................................................. 81 目 錄 iv 湖南科技大學(xué) 碩士學(xué)位論文 1 第一章 緒論 鋁粉顏料概況 鋁粉顏料的特點及應(yīng)用 在過去的二十多年，金屬效應(yīng)引入金屬粉末面漆已經(jīng)變著更加受歡迎。 Fouling。 Ceramic membrane。 rejection of aluminum powder was increased rapidly to 100%, and rejections of isostearic acid and linoleic acid were increased slightly, and purified solvent naphtha was transparent. The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEMEDS) were done. It indicates that the fouling on the membrane surface was an integrated effect of aluminum particles and anic matters, and it almost took place on the membrane surface. Further, various membrane resistances were calculated, the membrane fouling resistance (Rf) played an important role in flux decline. In the process of chemical cleaning, permeate flux could be recovered effectively to % new membrane flux for ABSTRACT IV ?m membrane by using %(?) mercial detergent and %(?) nitric acid, respectively. As for ?m, when %(?) mercial detergent, %(?) nitric acid and %(?) sodium hydroxide + %(?) sodium hypochlorite cleaning stages were used, flux recovery can reach as high as %. Then, the backflushing can increase efficiently permeate flux, it is possible to recover over 94% of the original flux by a program of backflushing. A modificatory model for plete blocking model was built, and pared with other models on fitting the experimental datas. It is found that the correlation coefficient for the modificatory model was higher than . Microfiltration process of solvent naphtha 200 containing impurities for industrial application was also investigated. It found that membrane pore size of ?m and the membrane total area of m2 can satisfy with the output of 1000 ton solvent naphtha per year。 對 陶瓷膜凈化溶劑油 微濾過程 進行 了 工業(yè)化 設(shè)計 ，分析其經(jīng)濟效益，發(fā)現(xiàn)： 年處理 1000 噸溶劑油， 采用膜孔徑為 ?m 陶瓷膜， 膜 總 面積 為 m2， 可滿足工業(yè) 要求 ；設(shè)計了 兩串四并 工藝流程 ， 具有良好的 經(jīng)濟 性 。 考察 了 反沖操作 對膜通量的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)反沖 能有效提高膜通量 ，且通量可 恢復(fù)到初始通量的 94%以上。 探討 膜 的污染 阻力 ，發(fā)現(xiàn)膜污染阻力 （ Rf） 在通量下降中起到 至關(guān)重要的 作用 。 研究此三種陶瓷膜的 濃縮 過程 ， 發(fā)現(xiàn)：隨著濃縮因子增大， 膜通量快速下降至平緩階段， 隨后 較 快降低；鋁粉截留率迅速增大至 100%， 異硬脂酸與亞油酸截留率略有上升， 凈化 后 的溶劑油澄清透明 。適宜操作參數(shù)為跨膜壓差