【正文】 來(lái)全球的資源、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)方面的一系列問(wèn)題，全球變化領(lǐng)域的研究不斷深入和發(fā)展。改變則是由于人類對(duì)土地利用目的的改變是土地覆被類型發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，如森林變?yōu)檗r(nóng)場(chǎng)或草地等。 土地利用是指人類有目的地開(kāi)發(fā)利用土地資源的一切活動(dòng)，如農(nóng)業(yè)用地、工業(yè)用地，交通用地，居住用地等都是土地利用的概念；土地覆蓋是指自然營(yíng)造物和人工建筑物所覆蓋的地表諸 多 要素的綜合體，包括地表植被、土壤、湖泊、沼澤濕地及各種建筑物（如道路等），具有特定的時(shí)間和空間屬性，其形態(tài)和狀態(tài)可在多種時(shí)空尺度上變化。 人類活動(dòng) 是 導(dǎo)致的土地利用與土地覆蓋變化的主要因素，而土地利用 /覆蓋 在全球環(huán)境變化中占據(jù)著十分重要的地位，研究土地利用變 化是合理利用土地，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要途徑 ， 本文以豐臺(tái)區(qū)為例分析該區(qū)域的土地利用 /覆蓋變化。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 豐臺(tái)區(qū)； 土地利用 /覆蓋變化； ENVI；遙感 ；對(duì)策 Abstract Change analysis is a major application field multitemporal remote sensing image study. To discuss landuse and landscape pattern changes in Beijing fengtai in recent 20 years, this study adopted the landsat/ETM images of Beijing fengtai in 2021 and 2021 as the information source,as well as other statistical data materials,this article classified the land use types of the study area into 6 classes as farmland,woodland,grassland,water construction land and others software ENVI was used to conduct geometric correction, image enhancement, classification etc, we analyzed the changing of the land use and land cover from 2021 to 2021 and get the results of the change rules of the land use/land cover during 7 years. as well as explained the driving forces of the LUCC in fengtai from four aspects concerning about natural factor, population factor, economic factor and policy factor . It also provided some scientific basis for the programming and management of land using in future. Keywords: fengtai； land use/cover change； ENVI； remote sensing； countermeasure I 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................................ 1 研究背景 ..................................................................................................................... 1 研究意義 ..................................................................................................................... 2 土地利用 /土地覆蓋變化研究的展望 ........................................................................ 2 遙感技術(shù)在土地利用 /覆蓋變化研究中的應(yīng)用 ........................................................ 3 研究?jī)?nèi)容與主要技術(shù)路線 ......................................................................................... 4 本研究的主要內(nèi)容包括： ...................................................................................... 4 主要技術(shù)路線 .......................................................................................................... 4 2 研究區(qū)概況與研究方法 ................................................................................................ 5 研究區(qū)域概況 ............................................................................................................. 5 地理位置 .................................................................................................................. 5 地勢(shì)地貌 .................................................................................................................. 6 氣溫降水 .................................................................................................................. 6 旅游資源 .................................................................................................................. 6 人口結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................................. 6 社會(huì)文化 .................................................................................................................. 7 研究方法 ..................................................................................................................... 7 圖像資料和遙感圖像的預(yù)處理 .............................................................................. 7 最佳波段的選 擇 ...................................................................................................... 7 圖像去條帶處理和圖像剪裁 .................................................................................. 8 研究區(qū)影像的增強(qiáng) ................................................................................................ 10 信息提取 ...................................................................................................................11 建立分類體系 .........................................................................................................11 解譯標(biāo)志的建立 .................................................................................................... 12 遙感圖像的監(jiān)督分類 ............................................................................................ 12 分類結(jié)果 ............................................................................................................... 15 掩膜處理 ................................................................................................................ 16 3 土地利用及其動(dòng)態(tài)變化分析 ...................................................................................... 18 土地利用變化分析過(guò)程 ........................................................................................... 18 土地利用總體特征分析 .......................................................................................... 20 土地利用類型結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 .................................................................................... 20 城市化進(jìn)程 ............................................................................................................ 22 可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .................................................................................................... 22 土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化 .................................................................................................. 22 II 耕地 ........................................................................................................................ 22 林地 ........................................................................................................................ 22 水域和草地 ............................................................................................................ 23 建設(shè)用地及其他用地 ................................................................................