【正文】 四大特性：高亮度、高方向性、高單色性和高相干性 [2]。 （ 4）雕刻耗能少 激光切割與其它雕刻方法相比，采用了一種能量使用很直接的方式，能量轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)節(jié)少，而且雕刻過程操作簡(jiǎn)單，保護(hù)環(huán)節(jié)少，所以消耗的能量少，并且能夠提高工作效率。因?yàn)榧す馇懈钸^程中，不必像機(jī)械雕刻那樣刀頭要與被雕刻材料接觸，刀頭和雕刻件都清潔無污染，并且沒有刀頭和被加工件摩擦產(chǎn)生的不良影響，完全沒有壓力和磨損，適于精細(xì)雕刻。 3 （ 3）雕刻質(zhì)量高 激光切割的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是雕刻質(zhì)量高。 （ 2）雕刻速度快 激光切割工序簡(jiǎn)單快捷且操作方便。所以 激光對(duì)雕刻材料的硬度、表面質(zhì)量等 沒有太高要求。 （ 6）在廣告業(yè)、印章業(yè)、工藝禮品業(yè)、藝術(shù)模型業(yè)等行業(yè)應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。在安全設(shè)備上雕刻校準(zhǔn)誤差標(biāo)記、雕刻數(shù)字和連號(hào)數(shù)字，直接在電路元件上標(biāo)識(shí)線路和符號(hào)，在含有氧化鋁和其它氧化層的物件上雕刻條形碼和連號(hào)數(shù)字。 （ 3）印刷業(yè)的柔性印刷中網(wǎng)紋輥的激光切割和柔印版的激光切割是目前激光切割中應(yīng)用最早、也是最成功的。實(shí)際上最先普及使用激光切割產(chǎn)品是在整條組合的電路生產(chǎn)線上對(duì)硅晶片進(jìn)行連號(hào)表示。 2 1. 2 激光切割 技術(shù) 的應(yīng)用和 優(yōu)越性 激光切割 技術(shù) 的應(yīng)用主要在下面幾個(gè)方面 ： （ 1）工業(yè)中常用激光去雕刻交通工具識(shí)別碼、元件編號(hào)、裝飾開關(guān)和儀表面板?？刂葡到y(tǒng)是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的控制中樞 ,負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的正常工作 ,主要完成加工軌跡控制、焦點(diǎn)位置控制和機(jī)、光、電一體的協(xié)調(diào)控制。因此 ,在我國 ,激光切割技術(shù)的推廣和應(yīng)用潛力很大。我國自 1985 年以來 ,更以每年 25%以上的速度增長。因此 ,目前激光切割已廣泛地應(yīng)用于汽車、機(jī)車車輛制造、航空、化工、輕工、電器與電子、石油和冶金等工業(yè)部門中。可切割碳鋼、不銹鋼、合金鋼、木材、塑料、橡膠布、石英、陶瓷、玻璃、復(fù)合材料等。激光切割與其他切割方法相比 ,最大區(qū)別是它具有高速、高精度和高適應(yīng)性的特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵字 ： 激光切割 對(duì)焦系統(tǒng) 焦點(diǎn)位置 CLS2020 Abstract Laser cutting is technology using a spot with high power and density formed by focused laser the carving or cutting the material is heated rapidly to thevaporization temperature,and wipes off by assistant air,then make the beam ormaterial moving and gain the pattern or narrow the power density is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the laser beam and the diameter of focusis the smallest,therefore the power density is the order to obtainhighquality kerf,it is necessary to assure the accurate location of the study of the focusing system of Laser carving and cutting machine has great realistic significance to improve the process accuracy and the process quality of the machine. This paper analyses the structure of laser optical system and the function offocusing the shortings that the existing focusing system of CLS2020 laser carving and cutting machine could not determine the location of the focus accurately,a geometrical optics system contains an auto collimating telescopewas raised and designed. The focusing device is installed into the optical system and forms a new focusing system,the feasibility was proved by the accuracy by using this focusing system and other mon methods to detect the position of the focus was pared. Keywords: Laser cutting Focalizing system Focus position CLS2020 I 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................1 前言 ...................................................................................................1 1. 2 激光切割技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和優(yōu)越性 ......................................................2 1. 3 激光切割技術(shù)的特點(diǎn) ......................................................................3 1. 4 激光切割技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ..................................................4 激光切割技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................4 激光切割技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ............................................................7 課題背景和意義 ...............................................................................8 第 二章 激光切割機(jī)的聚焦系統(tǒng)研究 ..........................................................9 2. 1 激光切割機(jī)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 ......................................................................9 激光光束聚焦理論 .........................................................................10 光學(xué)聚焦理論分析 .........................................................................15 反射鏡 ..........................................................................................16 聚焦透鏡 ......................................................................................16 聚焦功率密度 .................................................................................17 第三章 激光切割機(jī)對(duì)焦技術(shù)研究和裝置設(shè)計(jì) ........................................19 對(duì)焦方法 .........................................................................................19 望遠(yuǎn)鏡法對(duì)焦 .................................................................................20 自準(zhǔn)原理 ......................................................................................20 自準(zhǔn)式直望遠(yuǎn)鏡 ..........................................................................21 自準(zhǔn)式直望遠(yuǎn)鏡測(cè)量的凸透鏡焦距 ..........................................22 CLS2020 激光切割機(jī) ..................................................................24 激光切割機(jī)對(duì)焦裝置的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................26 阿貝自準(zhǔn)式直望遠(yuǎn)鏡 ..................................................................27 反射鏡調(diào)整架的設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................28 高度調(diào)節(jié)裝置 ..............................................................................30 望遠(yuǎn)鏡支撐裝置 ..........................................................................30 第四章 對(duì)焦試驗(yàn)及分析 ............................................................................31 對(duì)焦裝置的光路調(diào)節(jié) .....................................................................31 望遠(yuǎn)鏡的調(diào)節(jié) ..............................................................................31 激光光軸垂直于望遠(yuǎn)鏡光軸 ......................................................32 焦點(diǎn)位置測(cè)試 .................................................................................32 斜板法定位 ..................................................................................33 掃描法定位 ..................................................................................34 II 望遠(yuǎn)鏡法定位 ..............................................................................35 實(shí)驗(yàn)小結(jié) ......................................................................................36 總結(jié) ..............................................................................................................37 參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................................................................39 致謝 ..............................................................................................................41