【正文】 ................................................................. 269 綜合類閱讀理解文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 269 理工類 閱讀理解文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 272 衛(wèi)生類閱讀理解文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 275 2020 年職稱考試完形填空 考試目錄及復(fù)習(xí)范圍 ...................................................................................................... 278 綜合類完形填空文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 278 理工類完形填空文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 279 衛(wèi)生類完形填空文章目錄 ........................................................................................................................................... 280 第五部分 補(bǔ)充四套全真模擬試題 ................................................................................................................................ 281 2 職稱英語等級考試及解題方法 序言 1．概述 全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試是由 人力資源和社會保障部組織實(shí)施的 一項(xiàng)外語考試，它根據(jù)英語在不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域活動中的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合專業(yè)技術(shù) 人員掌握和應(yīng)用英語的實(shí)際情況，對申報不同級別職稱的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的英語水平提出了不同的要求。該考試根據(jù)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員使用英語的實(shí)際情況，把考試的重點(diǎn)放在了閱讀理解上面。每個專業(yè)類別的考試各分 A、 B、 C 三個等級。三個等級考試的總分各為 100 分，考試時間均為 2 小時?？荚嚳偟脑u價目標(biāo)是 ：申報 A級的人員在兩小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成 3000 詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所讀材料的內(nèi)容；申報 B 級的人員在兩小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成 2600 詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所讀材料的內(nèi)容；申報 C 級的人員在兩小時內(nèi)應(yīng)完成 2200 詞左右的閱讀任務(wù)，并能正確理解所 讀材料的內(nèi)容。對申報不同級別的應(yīng)試者要求掌握的詞匯量不等： ● 申報 A 級的人員應(yīng)認(rèn)知 6000 個左右的單詞和一 定數(shù)量的短語； ● 申報 B 級的人員應(yīng)認(rèn)知 5000 個左右的單詞和一定數(shù)量的短語； ● 申報 C 級的人員應(yīng)認(rèn)知 4000 個左右的單詞和一定數(shù)量的短語。 語法知識 在以往的考試中，最常見的一個測試項(xiàng)目就是對語法知識的考查。不直接考語法。但不直接考語法，并不等于說可以不懂語法、語法知識不重要，閱讀理解必須運(yùn)用語法知識辨認(rèn)出正確的語法關(guān)系。職稱英語等級考試要求應(yīng)試者必須懂得英語基本語法知識，這些語法知識可概述如下： ● 英語句子的基本語序及其意義； ● 英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型； ● 動詞的各種時、體及其意義； ● 各種句子的構(gòu)成和意義； ● 句子中詞語的所指、省略、替代、重復(fù)以及句子之間意義的關(guān)系 等。它要求應(yīng)試者能綜合運(yùn)用英語語言知識和閱讀技能來理解本專業(yè)的或一般內(nèi)容的英語書面材料。 4 第一部分 2020 年度全國職稱英語等 級考試試題、答案 綜合類試卷及答案 綜合類 (A 級 )試題 第 1 部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第 1~15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分） 下面每個句子中均有 1 個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定 1 個意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 The Forbidden Apple New York used to be the city that never sleeps. Theses days, it‘s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple. If you wanted a glass of wine with your piic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking 5 alcohol in public isn‘t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs (碎屑 ) of your sandwich., you could be arrested. It‘s illegal if you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn‘t it? Er…no. You can‘t smoke in public in New York City. What‘s going on? Why is the city that used to be so openminded being like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He ahs brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want. The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a ―Don‘t blame the cop‖ campaign. One New York police officer said, ―We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It‘s all about money.‖ The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn‘t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway. The angry editor of vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, ―Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.‖ He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray (煙灰缸 )。 Are You a Successful Leader? 1. Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation. At work or at play, you‘ll find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to 6 make changes. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success. Partly because we need to do it so often. 2. In almost every situation where you‘re in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and other disappears. Often group members begin not to e to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony. 3. Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carlucci says, ―True leaders a re born and you can spot them in kitchens.‖ They‘re people who bine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural –born leaders, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don‘t make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a mon goal. 4. Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Selfconfidence is v