【正文】 han before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。根據(jù)第四段中的“The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會(huì)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:‘ Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?’可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時(shí)犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Robot Saved, People Take the HitD.Robots, A Must for FutureB.Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D.Humanized robots offer less help to people.B.what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus39。where to experience risksC.How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide ________. A.How to treat them in life.C. This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.（1）What has bee a concern about robots? A. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設(shè)的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.高考英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)精編習(xí)題及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (無名的) humans.How to humanize them.B.How to use them effectively.D.when to sacrifice a robotB.which robot to work withD. words? A.Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C.Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Humanized Robots, A New TrendC.Humanized Robots, Replace Human【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，它們承擔(dān)越來越多樣化的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创麄儯绾螌?duì)待他們的問題變的迫在眉睫。根據(jù)第一段中的“As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.”可知，隨著越來越多的機(jī)器裝備了最新的人工智能，承擔(dān)著越來越多的專業(yè)和日常任務(wù)，人們?nèi)绾慰创鼈円约叭绾螌?duì)待它們的問題變得越來越緊迫。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故選A。根據(jù)最后一段中的‘This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot,’ says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.可知，Paulus認(rèn)為讓機(jī)器人人性化的嘗試不應(yīng)該走得太遠(yuǎn)，可以推斷出，Paulus認(rèn)為過多地人性化機(jī)器人可能是不合適的。 （4）考查主旨大意。因此標(biāo)題“機(jī)器人被拯救，人類就會(huì)承受打擊”最切題，故選C。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from th