【正文】 ible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.（1）What has bee a concern about robots? A. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設(shè)的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.2．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。所以選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns.可知，成年語言學習者在學習第二語言時，是刻意地在使用語法句式。 such as how you learn to ride a bicycle.可知，程序性運動記憶就是我們常說的運動記憶，比如學習騎自行車等技能，故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。Human beings learn language in pre human area of brain.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述Michael Ullman和他的團隊的研究稱人類大腦前區(qū)的為語言學習區(qū)，由此解開了人類大腦進化過程之謎。A new research helps people learn a new language.C.s the main idea of the text? A.Using grammar patterns.D.Declarative memory.B.Repeating what you heard.D.Learning to make a model plane.B.By paring different languages year after year.D.By examining the brain with his team.B.s study could help people who have a brain injury that affects speaking and writing. This knowledge can also help those who have learning disabilities such as dyslexia (閱讀障礙). People with dyslexia have difficulty recognizing words and symbols accurately.（1）How did Ullman study human39。t have to think about the grammar rules before speaking.s brain. such as how you learn to ride a bicycle. Or, Ullman adds, These procedural memory skills bee so deeply leaned that we are no longer aware that we are doing them.Oh, remember what you said last night39。 Declarative memory, in humans at least, is what we think of as learning memory39。 processed in two ancient learning and memory systems in the brain. Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language. And those parts, he says, are ancientolder even than humans themselves. A new study from brain researchers helps explain how the human brain evolved or changed over time, to permit people to speak and write.（英語）高考英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)練習題及答案一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 Michael Ullman, the lead researcher, a professor at Georgetown University Medical School in Washington, , has been studying language learning for more than 20 years. This study examines the theoretical framework (準則) that language is learned, stored and39。 Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language. They found that people learn language using two memory systems: declarative and procedural. Memorizing vocabulary, for example, is a declarative memory process. But learning grammar is, mostly, a procedural memory process., such as, 39。 or things like that. And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 However, Ullman explains that the two longterm memory systems can share tasks. And, he adds, the adult brain uses the systems to learn language a bit differently than a child39。 Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns. They think about it purposefully. For a child, the grammar may e more naturally. They don39。 In addition to language learners, Ullman39。s memory systems? A.By studying language learning over years.C.By referring to data from other studies on language.（2）Which of the following is an example of motor memory? A.Remembering the grammar patternsC.Memorizing what you read.（3）What does the underlined word it refer to? A.An adult language learner.C.A second language.（4）What39。Ullman has advanced our language understanding.B.Learning memory is more active than motor memory.D.在最古老的大腦學習記憶區(qū)域，陳述性記憶和運動記憶分工合作，來完成語言學習。根據(jù)第五段中的“Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language.”可知，該團隊通過研究其他語言學習的成果，得出的結(jié)論，故選D。根據(jù)第六段中的And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 （3）考查詞義猜測。所以it是指代using grammar patterns，故選C。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language.”以及全文可知，人類的語言學習是由大腦前區(qū)完成的，該區(qū)域早于人類本身。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understanding