【正文】
) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(pare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.【答案】 the;have found;its;environmental;smaller;effects;casually;from;which;pared 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。3.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及介詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,名詞,時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),代詞,形容詞,冠詞,定語(yǔ)從句等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫(xiě)出正確的單詞形式。There is no shortcut to do ,“沒(méi)有干某事的捷徑”,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式。 (10)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 先行詞為those時(shí),關(guān)系代詞不能用that。句意:對(duì)于那些超過(guò)60歲的人來(lái)說(shuō),這可能需要幾年的時(shí)間。故填the。句意:研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人們接觸污染空氣的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),他們的智力下降得越厲害。故填highest。句意:超過(guò)91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。故填poisonous。句意:超過(guò)91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空氣的地區(qū),空氣污染是導(dǎo)致全球死亡的第四大原因。故填those。句意:這項(xiàng)研究是對(duì)世界其它地區(qū),尤其是對(duì)城市居民的一個(gè)警告。故填was published。句意:這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上。故填scores。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。故填conducted。句意:世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)在中國(guó)進(jìn)行的研究表明,空氣污染是語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)考試分?jǐn)?shù)大幅下降的原因。故填for。句意:科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),空氣污染可能是智力大幅下降的原因。研究者們呼吁政府采取有效措施減少空氣污染。 The study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to ________ in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with ________ (poison) air and air pollution is the fourth ________ (high) cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that ________ longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year39。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及賓語(yǔ)從句,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,代詞,時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),名詞,副詞,定語(yǔ)從句以及形容詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇故事類(lèi)閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫(xiě)出正確的單詞形式。句意:雖然這些飛行時(shí)間很長(zhǎng),也很累,而且常常會(huì)持續(xù)好幾天,但馬丁喜歡她的工作,希望她能每天都飛。本句為不定式to do作目的狀語(yǔ),故填to gather。 (9)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:他們前往風(fēng)暴中心(或風(fēng)眼),那里沒(méi)有風(fēng),也尋找最強(qiáng)的風(fēng),幫助沿海地區(qū)的人們?yōu)榧磳⒌絹?lái)的風(fēng)暴做好準(zhǔn)備。from…to…固定短語(yǔ),“從……到……”,故填to。修飾動(dòng)詞drop應(yīng)用副詞,故填typically。 (6)考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)探空儀降落在10000英尺的海面上時(shí),它會(huì)發(fā)出有關(guān)空氣溫度、壓力、濕度以及風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向的信息。主語(yǔ)是dropsondes與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,結(jié)合上下文使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故填are set。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (3)考查代詞。句意:當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng),向加勒比海和美國(guó)海岸線(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),馬丁和她的飛行團(tuán)隊(duì)立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)。本句為賓語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閺木渲腥鄙儋e語(yǔ),指代事物,故填what。 (1)考查賓語(yǔ)從句。s surface.s ing. Sometimes, they will use an unmanned aircraft ________there39。s team ________(typical) drops 15 to 20 dropsondes while flying from one side of the storm ________ They use instruments called dropsondes, which ________(set) free from a tube at the back of the plane. As a dropsonde makes its 10,000foot landing into the sea, it sends out information about air temperature, pressure, humidity, and the speed and ________(direct) of the wind. Cathy Martin is a hurricane hunter with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). For six months each year, she is part of a team that collects ________【英語(yǔ)】高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空技巧小結(jié)及練習(xí)題含解析一、語(yǔ)法填空1.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 she describes as vital data, to save life and property.When winds pick up, ________(spin) toward the Caribbean and U. S. coastline, Martin and ________(she) flight team spring into action. On an eighthour flight, Martin39。the other, trying to cover as much ground as possible. They head for the center (or eye) of the storm, ________s no wind, and also search for the strongest winds, to help people on the coast prepare for what39。(gather) data closer to the ocean39。 Though these flights can be long,________(tire) and often last several days in a row, Martin likes her job and wishes she could fly every day.【答案】 what;spinning;her;are set;direction;typically;to;where;to gather;tiring 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了Cathy Martin 以及她的團(tuán)隊(duì)是如何收集數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)颶風(fēng)的。句意:每年有六個(gè)月的時(shí)間,她是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員,這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)收集她所說(shuō)的“重要數(shù)據(jù),以拯救生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)”。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spin與邏輯主語(yǔ)wind是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),故填spinning。修飾名詞flight team使用形容詞性物主代詞,故填her。句意:他們使用一種叫做下投式探空儀的儀器,這種儀器從飛機(jī)后部的管子中釋放出來(lái)。 (5)考查名詞。根據(jù)上文名詞并列結(jié)構(gòu)the speed and可知,應(yīng)填名詞,故填direction。句意:在8小時(shí)的飛行中,馬丁的團(tuán)隊(duì)從風(fēng)暴的一邊飛到另一邊時(shí),通常會(huì)放下15到20個(gè)探空儀,試圖覆蓋盡可能多的地面。 (7)考查介詞。 (8)考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞center,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞where。句意:有時(shí),他們會(huì)使用無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)收集更接近海洋表面的數(shù)據(jù)。 (10)考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文系動(dòng)詞be可知,應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ),修飾物,故填tiring。2.閱讀下列材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible ________ a significant reduction in intelligence. The research ________ (conduct) for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for big: falls in test ________ (score) for languages and arithmetic. The study is called The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive (認(rèn)知的)performance . It ________ (publish) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking and arithmetic tests taken by 20 000 people of all ages. They said, Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability as people bee older.s worth of lost education. For those ________ were over 60 years old, this could be several years. A researcher warned, There is no shortcut ________ (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.【答案】 for;conducted;scores;was published;those;poisonous;highest;the;who;to solve 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,科學(xué)研究表明空氣污染可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人的智力下降,并且隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),其可能會(huì)阻礙認(rèn)知能力。 (1)考查介詞。be responsible for固定短語(yǔ),“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),是……的原因”。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,showed是本句的謂語(yǔ),此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞The research,主語(yǔ)The research和動(dòng)詞conduct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)用conduct的過(guò)去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。 (3)考查名詞。score“分?jǐn)?shù),成績(jī)”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示語(yǔ)言和算術(shù)的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù),應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)It指代前一句中的The study,The study和publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且publish這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (5)考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用those指代那些在城市居住的人。 (6)考查形容詞。根據(jù)空格后的名詞air可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞air,表示“有毒的空氣”。 (7)考查形容詞。根據(jù)空格前的the和序數(shù)聞fourth可知,此處表示空氣污染是全球第四大死因,應(yīng)用high的最髙級(jí)。 (8)考查冠詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)the+比較級(jí)... the+比較級(jí)...“越……就越……”,因此,比較級(jí)longer前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。 (9)考查定語(yǔ)從句。空格前的those是代詞,意為“那些人”,空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句做主語(yǔ),修飾先行詞those指人,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用who。故填who。句意:在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有捷徑可走。故填to solve。 文章提出了人工塑料滲入到我們生活的方方面面。主要誘因是飲用瓶裝水。句意:自從1907年第一個(gè)完全人工塑料被發(fā)明以來(lái)。故填the。句意:人類(lèi)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種材料的無(wú)數(shù)用途。分析句子成分可知,主語(yǔ)是humans,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為have found。 (3)考查代詞。way是名詞,此處應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。