【正文】 ame time, in the search for improved cost petitiveness, manufacturing management has been the subject of a massive renaissance.n New ideas FMS and new inventory approaches such as, JIT, MRP have been introduced.Procurement recognitionEqually there has been a growing recognition of the critical role that procurement plays in creating and sustaining petitive advantage as part of an integrated logistics process.作為一體化物流的一部分，在創(chuàng)造和維持競爭優(yōu)勢上，采購扮演著日趨重要的角色n In this scheme of things, logistics is therefore essentially an integrative concept that seeks to develop a systemwide view of the firm.因此，從本質(zhì)上講，物流管理就是一體化的概念，這一概念要求從系統(tǒng)的角度審視企業(yè)。The underlying philosophy behind the logistics concept is that of planning and coordinating the materials flow from source to user as an integrated system rather than, as was so often the case in the past, managing the goods flow as a series of independent activities（物流概念中有這樣一個內(nèi)在的原理）：應該把從原料到客戶的物料流通，作為一體化的系統(tǒng)進行計劃和協(xié)調(diào)，而不要像過去那樣將管理物料流通作為 一系列獨立的活動。How to achieve a cost advantage?（如何獲得成本優(yōu)勢）n An increasingly powerful route to achieving a cost advantage es not to necessarily through volume and the economies of scale but instead through logistics management依靠銷量和經(jīng)濟規(guī)模來取得成本優(yōu)勢變得越發(fā)無效，取而代之的是依靠物流管理。p It means: The product is purchased not for itself but for the promise of what it will ‘deliver’. 產(chǎn)品被購買不是因為產(chǎn)品本身，而是因為它所提供的利益By tradition viewpoint, how to gain coat reduction? （降低成本）Traditionally, it has been suggested that the main route to cost reduction was by gaining greater sales volume and there can be no doubt about the close linkage between relative market share and relative costs. However it must also be recognized that Logistics management can provide a multitude of ways to increase efficiency and productivity and hence contribute significantly to reduced unit costs 在提高效益和生產(chǎn)力、降低單位成本上，物流管理能夠提供更多的方法。Two vectors of petitive advantage（兩大優(yōu)勢）n 1. Productivity advantage In many industries there will typically be one petitor who will be the low cost producer and, that petitor will have the greatest sales volume in the sector.任何行業(yè)中都有制造成本低廉的競爭者，這些競爭者通常也在該領域有著最大銷量。編號：時間：2021年x月x日書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟頁碼：第18頁 共18頁Chapter 1 Logistics and petitive strategyn Highlights the principles of petitive strategy and the pursuit of differentiation through the development of productivity and value advantage.n 強調(diào)競爭策略的原則，說明應通過發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和價值優(yōu)勢來追求產(chǎn)品差異化。The definition of Logistics management（物流管理定義）n Logistics is the process of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished inventory (and the related information flows) through the organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and future profitability are maximized through the costeffective fulfillment of orders.物流是一個過程，它對企業(yè)及其所有營銷渠道，從戰(zhàn)略的角度管理原材料、零部件和最終庫存品（包括相關信息流）的采購、流通和存儲，以低成本完成訂單，從而實現(xiàn)當前和未來的收益最大化 advantageWhat’s the basic successful factors in the marketplace? （成功三要素）n it is the “Three C’S” :n The Companyn It’s Customersn It’s CompetitorsWhat’s the source of petitive advantage?（ 競爭優(yōu)勢） The source of petitive advantage is found firstly in the ability of the organization to differentiate itself, in the eyes of the customers, from its petition and secondly by operating at a lower cost and hence at greater profit.競爭優(yōu)勢首先源于企業(yè)標新立異的能力，企業(yè)只有自身與眾不同，才能在客戶眼中脫穎而出；其次，競爭優(yōu)勢源于比競爭對手更低的運營成本及因此獲得的高利潤。當提到成本優(yōu)勢時就會提到“規(guī)模2 Value advantagen An axiom: Customers don’t buy products, they buy benefits. 消費者不是購買產(chǎn)品，而是購買利益。Why do panies seek to add additional values?（附加價值）n Unless the product or service can be distinguished in some way from its petitors there is a strong likelihood that the marketplace will view it as a ‘modity’ and so the sale will tend to go to the cheapest supplier. So panies must seek to add additional values to their offering to mark it out from the petition. Adding value through differentiation is a powerful means of achieving a defensible advantage in the market.要想在市場中成功獲得對手無法輕松趕超的優(yōu)勢，就得考慮通過差異性提高價值。 petitive advantage through logisticsn Logistics management has the potential to assist the organization in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage (see figure ).物流管理能幫助企業(yè)在成本和價值兩方面同時取得優(yōu)勢。n Thus under a logistics management regime the goal is to link the marketplace, the distribution network, the manufacturing process and the procurement activity in such a way that customers are serviced at a higher level and yet at a lower cost.n In other words to achieve the goal of petitive advantage through both cost reduction and service enhancement.加強營銷、網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)配送、制造過程、采購活動的聯(lián)系，以更低的成本實現(xiàn)更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務。5. The supply chain and petitive performance（供應鏈定義）The supply chain is the network of organizations that are involved，through upstream and downstream linkages，in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services in the hands of the ultimate consumer.供應鏈是相互關聯(lián)的企業(yè)形成的網(wǎng)絡，要求位于上下游的企業(yè)間相互聯(lián)系，在不同進程和活動中以產(chǎn)品或服務的形式創(chuàng)造對客戶有用的價值。The definition of SCM（SCM定義）n The management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole.供應鏈管理是從供應鏈整體出發(fā)，管理上游供應商和下游客戶，以更低的成本傳遞給客戶更多的價值。n One capability that is now regarded by many panies as fundamental to success in the marketplace is the management of inbound and outbound logistics.有一種能力現(xiàn)已被大多數(shù)公司視為市場中獲勝的基礎，那就是對企業(yè)進向和去向物流的管理。提高物流可靠性的要點之一是提高供應鏈可視性。相互依存是一種未來必將盛行的模式，尤其是當供應鏈競爭成為了標準的競爭模式時。向“無差異商品”市場的過渡，這是一個緩慢卻不可避免的過程 is customer service?客戶服務可以從三個方面來檢查：n LaLonde and Zinszer suggested that customer service could be examined under three headings: elements交易前要素 elements交易中要素 elements交易后要素 Why is it essential for any business to have a clearly identified policy towards customer service?It is because of the multivariate nature Of customer service and be