【正文】 , the magnitude and distribution of strain induced into SWNT by AFM manipulation can be well SWNT and Si can be oxidized when using stronger oxidation condition(much higher voltage and lower tip moving speed), thus the SWNT can be cut at well defined this AFM cutting, nanowelding and manipulation, plex SWNTbased structures can be constructed, proved the function of AFM as a buckling behavior of CNTs under bending has been studiedBy choosing proper manipulation site on SWNT, the length of the fragment which is being manipulated, manipulation path, and optimal tip pressing distance, the angle can be well controlled when SWNT is bent by AFM on this controlled bent of CNT by AFM manipulation, A CNT with a series of different bending angles has been interaction between manipulated SWNT fragment and substrate is largely decreased after the the effective bending region is located at the fragment where Only vdW interaction exists between it and the appears as the cross point between the fixed SWNT part andmanipulated SWNT part in the AFM vdW force exists between the effective bending region and substrate, and its length keeps constant when changing the bending recording the height change at the effective bending region when changing the bending angle gradually, The structural evolution and buckling behavior has been investigated under the distinct ?abrupt? and ?gradual? buckling modes have been revealed in different the ?abrupt? buckling mode, the height of the bending ?point? has a sudden increase, and an abrupt transition from the uniform bending to buckling the ?gradual? mode corresponds to a gradual increase of the height at the bending ?point?, with a gradual transition from uniform bending to ?gradual? buckling results in a series of buckling intermediate formation.?Abrupt? buckling mode is mostly found for small diameter CNTs, while for large diameter CNTs, the ?gradual? mode is more the estimation of the wall numbers and thickness of CNTs, it was found that the CNTs with ?abrupt? buckling mode has smaller thickness diameter ratio than the CNTs with ?gradual? buckling critical buckling angle decreases with the increase of CNT diameter for the ?abrupt? buckling buckling behavior has also been investigated by molecular dynamics(MD) was found:(1)for all the CNTs studied, the SWNTs have “abrupt” buckling mode, and double and three walled CNTs take “gradual” buckling modes。，及SWNTs相關(guān)力學(xué)性質(zhì)的比較；分析了超長(zhǎng)SWNT中，AFM操縱引入的應(yīng)力的傳輸和分布，由于SWNT與基底間摩擦力的存在和AFM操縱后應(yīng)力的部分馳豫，扭轉(zhuǎn)和拉伸應(yīng)力沿SWNT管軸都呈“L”形分布，應(yīng)力分布的各特征量，如應(yīng)力的最遠(yuǎn)傳輸距離、最大應(yīng)力點(diǎn)的位置和最大應(yīng)力值、應(yīng)力線性分布的斜率等，決定于AFM針尖施加到SWNT的力的大小、SWNT的剪切模量或彈性模量、以及SWNT與基底間摩擦力的大小；通過控制AFM操縱和采用圖案化基底，對(duì)SWNT中應(yīng)力的大小及分布進(jìn)行了調(diào)控；通過比較不同SWNTs的應(yīng)力分布特征量，在單根SWNT水平上，研究比較了它們的各力學(xué)參量，如剪切模量、楊氏模量，以及與基底間摩擦力的相對(duì)大小。利用AFM操縱在單根SWNTs水平上的研究，可以排除不同直徑和手性帶來(lái)的平均效應(yīng)，從而有利于揭示SWNTs的本征性質(zhì)。根據(jù)共振拉曼理論和RBM峰的IAS/IS，可以計(jì)算扭轉(zhuǎn)和拉伸形變對(duì)Eii影響的方向和大小。按照預(yù)測(cè)，這種分裂或新模的出現(xiàn)最可能發(fā)生在鋸齒形和椅形SWNTs中。這與形變導(dǎo)致的發(fā)生變化的CC鍵是否與各模的原子位移模式相關(guān)聯(lián)有關(guān)；（4）通過對(duì)SWNTs中形變量大小和Raman頻率對(duì)形變變化率dw/de地計(jì)算，發(fā)現(xiàn)RBM振動(dòng)頻率對(duì)扭轉(zhuǎn)形變的變化率dw(RBM)/det，隨SWNTs手性角的增大幾乎線性增大。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）扭轉(zhuǎn)形變下，wRBM變大，位于～1600 cm1的G+(E2(g))模振動(dòng)頻率發(fā)生較大的紅移，而其他在1590 cm1～1560cm1范圍內(nèi)的大部分G模會(huì)發(fā)生輕微的藍(lán)移，振動(dòng)頻率發(fā)生紅移的G模的位移量，一般遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于發(fā)生藍(lán)移的G模的位移量；（2）拉伸形變下，RBM和G+(E2(g))模振動(dòng)頻率不變，而在1590 cm1～1560 cm1范圍內(nèi)的大部分G模會(huì)發(fā)生明顯的紅移。扭轉(zhuǎn)形變的產(chǎn)生證明了SWNT在AFM操縱下滾動(dòng)的發(fā)生。從導(dǎo)致兩種屈曲模式的機(jī)理考慮，除直徑外，CNTs的層數(shù)對(duì)其屈曲行為也有重要影響，這預(yù)示了在CNTs的力學(xué)性質(zhì)中，存在不同于傳統(tǒng)尺寸效應(yīng)的雙尺寸效應(yīng)，即直徑和層數(shù)共同決定CNTs力學(xué)行為。對(duì)“突變”屈曲模式的CNTs，臨界屈曲角度隨CNTs直徑的增大而減小?！巴蛔儭倍喟l(fā)生于小直徑管，而“漸變”更常見于大直徑管。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同CNTs在彎曲過程中，表現(xiàn)出“突變”和“漸變”兩種屈曲模式，分別對(duì)應(yīng)于彎曲“點(diǎn)”高度的突躍、均勻彎曲向屈曲結(jié)構(gòu)的直接轉(zhuǎn)化，和彎曲“點(diǎn)”高度的逐漸增大、均勻彎曲向屈曲結(jié)構(gòu)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化。有效彎曲部分與基底間僅有vdW相互作用，其長(zhǎng)度在整個(gè)彎曲過程中幾乎保持不變。；通過選擇合適的操縱位點(diǎn)、被操縱的CNT片段長(zhǎng)度、操縱路徑并優(yōu)化針尖下壓距離，可以嚴(yán)格控制彎曲CNT的角度，這樣通過AFM操縱對(duì)同一CNT的可控彎曲，獲得了一系列彎曲角度逐漸增大的CNT。采用更強(qiáng)的AFM氧化條件，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)SWNT和Si的同時(shí)氧化，從而可以在任意位點(diǎn)對(duì)SWNT進(jìn)行切割。空氣中熱氧化實(shí)驗(yàn)和拉曼光譜的表征均證明，此焊接過程對(duì)SWNT的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)明顯影響。而且SWNT的存在會(huì)對(duì)Si基底的AFM氧化有明顯的增強(qiáng)作用，相同條件下，表面有SWNT的Si氧化后產(chǎn)生的SiOx，比沒有SWNT時(shí)更多，這種增強(qiáng)作用有利于對(duì)SWNT的焊接固定。發(fā)展了基于Si的AFM氧化的SWNT納米焊接術(shù)，以增加AFM操縱的可控性。主要成果包括：；通過對(duì)操縱過程中針尖運(yùn)動(dòng)路徑的合理設(shè)置、SWNT上操縱位置和針尖下壓距離的選擇，可以向SWNT中引入各種類型的應(yīng)力。中文摘要對(duì)形變碳納米管（CNTs）的研究，包括研究其在應(yīng)力存在下的結(jié)構(gòu)演化、應(yīng)力對(duì)其各種光電性質(zhì)及電子能帶結(jié)構(gòu)的影響等，不僅對(duì)CNTs在復(fù)合材料、納電子和納機(jī)電器件、以及應(yīng)力傳感器等中的應(yīng)用具有重要意義，還對(duì)相關(guān)理論的發(fā)展有巨大推動(dòng)作用。揭示現(xiàn)實(shí)中小人物存在的具體現(xiàn)象，生活在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人們，應(yīng)該靜下心來(lái)反思一下，是不是自己身上也能找到小人物的影子，指出文章對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的警示意義。作者再現(xiàn)“小人物”保守思想和懦弱性格的目的，在于通過對(duì)“小人物”靈魂的拷問，完成人格形態(tài)的批判，把他們從沉睡中喚醒?！靶∪宋铩痹谏鐣?huì)中官階、地位極其低下，生活困苦，但又逆來(lái)順受、安分守己、性格懦弱、膽小怕事，因此成為“大人物”統(tǒng)治下被侮辱的犧牲者。the pursuit of high valueadded products to do what, according to the technical level of the enterprise, financial capacity, market demand, their status in the petition to select an item and determine the product play the advantage of the user base, geographical advantages, technical strong impetus to the rapid economic development.第二篇：中英文摘要榆林學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文俄國(guó)文學(xué)中“小人物”悲劇命運(yùn)成因探析肖世濤（榆林學(xué)院中文系陜西榆林719000）摘要：19世紀(jì)俄國(guó)“自然派”作家正式提出了寫“小人物”的口號(hào)。change the speed of the spinning change the speed of the spinning machine spinning machine head positioning the speed of the spinning machine principle: The system according to the deviation between the actual angle and setting angle of deviation of the location of the spinning machine(spinning machine)to adjust the speed of the spinning machine, spinning when the wire to the predetermined requires that the speed of the spinning machine adjustment and recovery speed of the process must be pleted before the wire head into the spinning remarksDevelopment of highspeed wire rod production to today39。 C into the twist finishing mill temperature as low as 850 ℃. minus sizing and precision rolling 1 Less sizing unit Reducing and sizing unit is a latest technology in recent years, highspeed wire rod mainly used to improve the rolling precision, in order to meet the requirements of the user to further improve the quality of products, including dimensional accuracy, surface quality and mechanical properties of the objective needs, Morgan, and Danieli, Italy have developed a wire sizing unit(RSM), the Morgan the two reducing units, two sizing box driven by two speed motor by a 3200KW finishing stands with no twist, the cantilever structure, the tungsten carbide roll two roller diameter Φ230mm, after two former two no