【正文】 我要借這個(gè)演講臺(tái)，向各位講一下，我和我愛(ài)人結(jié)婚的第一晚上，講的第一句話是什么。接著，演講者便以銅盒為線索講了下去。它不僅使我改變了自己的命運(yùn)，更使我明白了自己肩上重?fù)?dān)不止千斤。如:《拼搏——永恒的旋律》今天我給大家?guī)?lái)了一樣禮物。它通過(guò)展示實(shí)物，首先給聽(tīng)眾一個(gè)感性的直觀印象，然后借助具體實(shí)物，提出和闡述自己的見(jiàn)解。如果一上臺(tái)，滿口學(xué)生腔，“無(wú)病呻吟”似地“嗯嗯啊啊”一通，就會(huì)讓人大倒胃口。不是嗎?當(dāng)在皓月當(dāng)空，萬(wàn)簌俱寂的夜晚，疲勞的人們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)，祖國(guó)大地的每個(gè)角落里不都閃爍著警衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)士一雙雙警惕的眼睛嗎?它就像天上的星星一樣，不知困倦地注視著大地，搜尋著每一個(gè)可疑的目標(biāo)??這段類(lèi)似散文詩(shī)的開(kāi)頭，構(gòu)思巧妙，比擬得當(dāng)，語(yǔ)言形象生動(dòng)。多用詩(shī)化的語(yǔ)言，有的干脆直接引用詩(shī)歌，因而自然優(yōu)美，形象生動(dòng)引人入勝。這種開(kāi)頭意在渲染氣氛，以情感人，使聽(tīng)眾迅速受到情緒感染，注意聆聽(tīng)演講內(nèi)容。明旨式的開(kāi)頭，要盡量做到集中突出，語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確凝練，不宜轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角，過(guò)多渲染鋪墊，否則容易造成開(kāi)頭臃腫而與主體比例失調(diào)。如:《生命之樹(shù)常青》偉大的詩(shī)人歌德曾有這樣一句話:“生命之樹(shù)常青。這，就是戰(zhàn)士的愛(ài)!明旨式的開(kāi)頭，常常使用名言、警句、諺語(yǔ)等。是的，愛(ài)情是神圣的，也是美好的。這種方式開(kāi)宗明義，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，概括主要內(nèi)容，直接揭示主題，說(shuō)明意圖。同時(shí)，在承接前面演講內(nèi)容時(shí)，要力求出新，不落俗套，不要矯揉造作，故作謙虛，也不要巧涂脂粉，自吹自擂。這樣風(fēng)趣的開(kāi)頭，不僅扼要地說(shuō)明了題目的含義，也具有即興的特點(diǎn)。提起交通警察，有人給我們送了個(gè)雅號(hào)——“馬路橛子”。承接順暢自然，顯得生動(dòng)有趣。這樣的開(kāi)頭扼要地解釋、說(shuō)明演講題目的含義，能自然順暢地轉(zhuǎn)入正文的論述。事情本身要有針對(duì)性，耐人尋味，能觸發(fā)聽(tīng)眾興趣。然后，作者提出所有的老師、所有的家長(zhǎng)，是否也應(yīng)該考慮一下我們的學(xué)生的社會(huì)生活能力究竟怎樣?今后他們能自立于社會(huì)，貢獻(xiàn)于社會(huì)嗎?一位選手在作《愛(ài)的真諦》演講時(shí)的開(kāi)頭:“最近我從報(bào)上看到這樣一則新聞:一個(gè)男青年和一個(gè)女青年正在熱戀中，女青年突然患病癱瘓，然而男青年沒(méi)有離開(kāi)她，而是全力地幫她治病，下班后守在她身邊為她喂飯吃藥。結(jié)果只好原蛋帶回。如:《救救孩子》的演講，是這樣開(kāi)頭的:去年5月24日的《新民晚報(bào)》，披露這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):一個(gè)四年級(jí)的小學(xué)生，每天要帶父母親手剝光了殼的雞蛋到學(xué)校吃。對(duì)于提問(wèn)式開(kāi)頭應(yīng)注意:不能泛泛地為提問(wèn)而提問(wèn)，提問(wèn)的信息要與對(duì)象、場(chǎng)合相適應(yīng)，同時(shí)講究?jī)?nèi)容的合理性和確定性，要使聽(tīng)眾感到新鮮，出乎意料，能激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾積極思考，而且與后面闡述的問(wèn)題聯(lián)系緊密，能巧妙自然地引發(fā)出演講的主體內(nèi)容。這樣的提問(wèn)開(kāi)頭，新穎別致，出人意料，讓人耳目一新，激起聽(tīng)眾濃厚的興趣。有一個(gè)共同的名，就是‘根’。他立即引導(dǎo)說(shuō):“可以用‘根’字來(lái)概括這種關(guān)系。”臺(tái)下聽(tīng)眾立即被他這種新奇的開(kāi)頭形式所吸引。如: 1980年復(fù)旦大學(xué)舉辦的《青年與祖國(guó)》的演講比賽，當(dāng)時(shí)由于種種原因，會(huì)場(chǎng)嘈雜難靜，這時(shí)有位同學(xué)上臺(tái)，他剛講個(gè)開(kāi)頭，就立刻扭轉(zhuǎn)了混亂局面，緊緊抓住了觀眾的心?！睖乜死找矎?qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)場(chǎng)白應(yīng)建 議說(shuō)者和聽(tīng)者之間的認(rèn)同情感，并為下面的演講作好準(zhǔn)備。這位音樂(lè) 家指出，演講者的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白必須“招耳”，即引起聽(tīng)眾的注意，獲得他們的好 感。奧地利的樂(lè)團(tuán)指揮韋勒說(shuō)：“如同有“招眼萠東西一般，也有”招耳 的東西?！备郀柣倪@段話包含兩層意思： 第一，演講的第一句話至關(guān)重要，他的作用同音樂(lè)的“定調(diào)”，規(guī)定著全曲 的基本面貌和基本風(fēng)格。俄國(guó)大文學(xué)家 高爾基說(shuō)：“最難的是開(kāi)場(chǎng)白，就是第一句話，如同在音樂(lè)上一樣，全曲的音調(diào)，都是安給予的?！狙葜v開(kāi)場(chǎng)白的重要性】一段精彩的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白有三種作用。一個(gè)思維遲鈍而又混亂的人，絕不可能口若懸河滔滔不絕而又條理清晰地表達(dá)自己的思想。 signature on the education of minority second was the organization of a seminar on highrisk students which was abandoned because judge thomas transferred to the eeoc where he became the chairman of that this period at the department of education, my working relationship with judge thomas was had a good deal of responsibility and thought he respected my work and that he trusted my approximately three months of working there, he asked me to go out socially with happened next and telling the world about it are the two most difficult thingsexperiences of my is only after a great deal of agonizing consideration and sleeplenumbera great number of sleeplenights tha(t i am able to talk of these unpleasant matters to anyone but my close declined the invitation to go out socially with him and explained to him that i thought it would jeopardize what at the time i considered to be a very good working had a normal social life with other men outside of the believed then, as now, that having a social relationship with a person who was supervising my work would be was very unfortable with the idea and told him thought that by saying no and explaining my reasons my employer would abandon his social , to my regret, in the following few weeks, he continued to ask me out on several pressed me to justify my reasons for saying no to incidents took place in his office or were in the form of private conversations which would not have been overheard by anyone working relationship became even more strained when judge thomas began to use work situations to these occasions, he would call me into his office for reports on education issues and projects, or he might suggest that, because of the time pressures of his schedule, we go to lunch to a government a brief discussion of work, he would turn the conversation to a discussion of sexual conversations were very spoke about acts that he had seen in pornographic films involving such matters as women having sex with animals and films showing group sex or rape talked about pornographic materials depicting individuals with large penions, thomas told me graphically of his own sexual i was extremely unfortable talking about sex with him at all and particularly in such a graphic way, i told him that i did not want to talk about these would also try to change the subject to education matters or